Inland Shipping to Serve the Hinterland: The Challenge for Seaport Authorities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Overview
3. Materials and Methods
- Why do seaport authorities pursue a proactive policy of promoting and facilitating inland shipping to serve the purposes of hinterland transport?
- How do seaport authorities encourage port users/customers to use inland shipping for the purposes of hinterland transport?
- What types of measures do they take in order to streamline the handling of inland vessels?
4. Results
4.1. Inland Shipping in Serving the Hinterland of Selected European Seaports: The Subject of the Study
4.2. Types of Measures Taken by Seaport Authorities in Order to Increase the Share of Inland Shipping in Serving the Hinterland
- The renovation of the Van Cauwelaert lock;
- The construction of mooring quays on the Scheldt River (Ketelplaat);
- Improving the parameters of the Albert Canal (widening the Canal and increasing the clearance under the bridges to enable the carriage of four layers of containers (9.10 m).
- Providing systems for automatic identification of barges;
- Providing systems for barge service coordination in the port;
- Integrating inland shipping in logistic systems including barge connections in IT systems for sea–land supply chain planning.
- Reinforce the position of the ports of Marseilles and Fos-sur-Mer in relation to their natural hinterland;
- Promote intermodal transport, particularly inland shipping;
- Improve the “door-to-door” offer by encouraging cooperation between all sea- and inland ports.
- Identification of markets in the inland ports’ hinterland;
- Analysis of social costs and benefits of using LNG;
- Transferring the know-how from maritime transport to inland waterway transport;
- Creating a European harmonized legal framework to use LNG as fuel and cargo in inland shipping;
- Providing technical solutions for newly built and refitted inland barges to enable them to carry LNG or use LNG as fuel;
- Developing a complex strategy for LNG in accordance with the EU policy with regard to transport, energy industry, and environmental protection;
- Preparing the project for implementation (using The Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) funds and other EU programs);
- Producing prototypes of LNG-fueled vessels.
5. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Port | Antwerp | Rotterdam | Hamburg | Marseilles–Fos-Sur-Mer |
---|---|---|---|---|
Main information/inland waterway connections | Located on the Northern Sea, it is one of the biggest ports in Europe; container hub; due to the convenient location of the port in the Scheldt–Meuse–Rhine delta, the port is connected to 1500 km of the European network of inland waterways and over 75 inland ports all over Europe, some of which play the role of dry ports | Situated in the estuary of the Rhine and Meuse rivers that link Rotterdam with inland ports in The Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, France, Switzerland, and Austria, and via the Rhine–Main–Danube canal, with ports in Central and Eastern Europe. The biggest port in Europe; container hub | Situated 130 km inland from the open sea, on the Elbe river; the middle section of the Elbe river and the Elbe Lateral Canal connect the Hamburg port with German business centers, i.e., Hanover, Braunschweig, Salzgitter, Wolfsburg, and the Ruhr district; the third biggest inland port in Germany, exceeded only by the ports in Duisburg (52 million tons) and in Cologne (11 million tons) | Located on the Rhone river which connects it with major cities in the south of France: Lyon, and also other ports located in the Rhone–Alpes and Burgundy regions; container hub for the south of France. |
Annual turnover | Nearly 200 million tons, of which 60% comprises general cargo (mainly containerized) | Nearly half a billion tons of cargo, of which almost 70% are bulk cargoes; the remaining 30% comprises mainly containerized cargo | Nearly 150 million tons; two-thirds of it comprises general cargo, mainly containerized; a considerable part of the cargo comes from or is intended for Eastern European countries | ca. 80 million tons of cargo a year, of which more than half comprises oil and its products; 11 million tons constitute containerized cargoes |
Port | Share of Inland Shipping in Hinterland Transport (Total Cargo (Containers)) | Number of Handled Barges (Thousand per Year) |
---|---|---|
Antwerp | 41% (38%) | 48 |
Rotterdam | 62.6% (38.2%) | 110 |
Hamburg | 11.5% (2.2%) | 10 |
Marseilles–Fos | no data (8.4% *) | no data |
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Kotowska, I.; Mańkowska, M.; Pluciński, M. Inland Shipping to Serve the Hinterland: The Challenge for Seaport Authorities. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3468. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103468
Kotowska I, Mańkowska M, Pluciński M. Inland Shipping to Serve the Hinterland: The Challenge for Seaport Authorities. Sustainability. 2018; 10(10):3468. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103468
Chicago/Turabian StyleKotowska, Izabela, Marta Mańkowska, and Michał Pluciński. 2018. "Inland Shipping to Serve the Hinterland: The Challenge for Seaport Authorities" Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3468. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103468