Turbulence in Nursing—A Conceptual and Contextual Exploration

Background/Objectives: Contemporary healthcare systems are characterised by rapid change, high workload, and staff shortages, creating conditions that may compromise care quality and generate turbulence in nursing. Turbulence has been discussed in nursing research. However, greater conceptual clarity is needed regarding its underlying factors and implications for nursing work. The aim of this study was to explore and analyse the concept of turbulence in nursing and its related factors. Methods: The study was conducted using the Simultaneous Concept Analysis Method involving a consensus group and a nursing care, expert group and included content validity index ratings as a validation technique. Results: Eight factors related to turbulence in nursing were identified. A conceptual model was developed to illustrate the interrelationships among these factors and their role within the turbulence concept. Based on this model and the demonstrated contextual interconnections, a comprehensive definition of turbulence in nursing was formulated. Conclusions: The study has achieved a deeper understanding of the concept “turbulence in nursing” through the identification of eight different, generally valid turbulence-related factors and their presumed impact on nursing care. A conceptual model of interacting forces in turbulence in nursing has been presented as both a detector and a compass for mapping and counteracting future tendencies toward turbulence in the work environment. The study enables healthcare professionals and leaders to detect and address emerging turbulence in nursing practice and education. By clarifying its underlying major related sources, the model serves as a practical guide for improving the work environment, strengthening team resilience, and ultimately enhancing patient safety and quality of care.