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Infectious Disease Reports
Volume 10
Issue 2
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Infectious Disease Reports is published by MDPI from Volume 12 Issue 3 (2020). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with PAGEPress.

Infect. Dis. Rep., Volume 10, Issue 2 (September 2018) – 6 articles

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394 KiB  
Case Report
Addison’s Disease due to Bilateral Adrenal Tuberculosis on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
by Sung Ae Koh
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2018, 10(2), 7773; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2018.7773 - 25 Sep 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 425
Abstract
We present a case of a 60-year-old woman diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis with bilateral adrenalitis resulting in Addison’s disease. The 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) positron emission tomography computed tomography (CT) was performed, which revealed increased FDG uptake in the neck, mediastinal, and abdominal lymph nodes, [...] Read more.
We present a case of a 60-year-old woman diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis with bilateral adrenalitis resulting in Addison’s disease. The 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) positron emission tomography computed tomography (CT) was performed, which revealed increased FDG uptake in the neck, mediastinal, and abdominal lymph nodes, and both adrenal glands, similar to the lesions noted on CT. We suspected the patient to have a lymphoma; therefore, axillary biopsy was performed, which revealed chronic granulomatous lesion with focal caseous necrosis. Full article
592 KiB  
Article
Deferiprone as Adjunctive Treatment for Patients with Invasive Mucormycosis: A Retrospective Case Series
by Maria N. Chitasombat and Pimjai Niparuck
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2018, 10(2), 7765; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2018.7765 - 25 Sep 2018
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 793
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a life-threatening disease requiring multimodal treatment with antifungals and surgery. The mortality rate remains high, prompting consideration of alternative treatment strategies. Deferiprone has in vitro activity against Mucorales, but its efficacy has never been evaluated in humans. Here, we retrospectively [...] Read more.
Mucormycosis is a life-threatening disease requiring multimodal treatment with antifungals and surgery. The mortality rate remains high, prompting consideration of alternative treatment strategies. Deferiprone has in vitro activity against Mucorales, but its efficacy has never been evaluated in humans. Here, we retrospectively analyzed patients with confirmed mucormycosis who received deferiprone from 2011 to 2017. Five patients had hematologic malignancies and one was diabetic. The sites of infection included sinus-orbit-cerebral (67%), lung (17%), and disseminated infection (17%). Surgery was performed in 83% of cases and achieved local control for 33% of patients. A combination regimen of polyenes plus echinocandins was administered with stepdown treatment using posaconazole. The median duration of antifungal treatment was 86 days (range: 46-435 days) days. Deferiprone was given as adjunctive treatment with a median dose and duration of 100 mg/kd/day (range: 86.2-100 mg/kg/day) and 25 days (range: 15-215 days), respectively. Overall, deferiprone was well-tolerated. Successful outcomes were observed at 12-week follow-up for 67% of patients. The mortality rate at 180- day follow-up was 50%. Adjunctive therapy with deferiprone showed safety and tolerability. Full article
480 KiB  
Case Report
Aspergillus Aortitis in an Immunocompetent Patient Presenting with Acute Endophthalmitis
by Joseph M. Rocco and Maggie K. Benson
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2018, 10(2), 7750; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2018.7750 - 24 Sep 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 408
Abstract
Aspergillus is a common environmental mold most often recognized as an infectious agent in patients with severe immune compromise. We present a case of an immunocompetent patient presenting with endogenous endophthalmitis in the absence of other infectious symptoms. The search for a systemic [...] Read more.
Aspergillus is a common environmental mold most often recognized as an infectious agent in patients with severe immune compromise. We present a case of an immunocompetent patient presenting with endogenous endophthalmitis in the absence of other infectious symptoms. The search for a systemic source revealed an ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm. Surgical resection and pathology revealed angioinvasive aspergillus aortitis. Recent cardiac surgery has been noted to be a risk factor for angioinvasive aspergillosis. Diagnosis is difficult as symptoms are mild and laboratory studies are often normal. To our knowledge this is the first case of aspergillus aortitis presenting as endogenous endophthalmitis without systemic signs of inflammation. These patients have a high mortality rate therefore early recognition is essential. It is important to consider angioinvasive aspergillus infections in patients with prior cardiac surgery presenting with occult embolic phenomena. Only with early diagnosis and prompt treatment can we improve outcomes of this disease process. Full article
339 KiB  
Case Report
Streptobacillus moniliformis Mitral Valve Endocarditis and Septic Arthritis: The Challenges of Diagnosing Rat-Bite Fever Endocarditis
by Daisy Torres-Miranda, Madhi Moshgriz and Marc Siegel
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2018, 10(2), 7731; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2018.7731 - 24 Sep 2018
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 665
Abstract
Streptobacillus moniliformis, the cause of rat-bite fever (RBF) in the United States, has rarely been reported as a cause of infectious endocarditis. In the majority of previously reported cases, the diagnosis was clinically based in patients with underlying valvular abnormalities in the setting [...] Read more.
Streptobacillus moniliformis, the cause of rat-bite fever (RBF) in the United States, has rarely been reported as a cause of infectious endocarditis. In the majority of previously reported cases, the diagnosis was clinically based in patients with underlying valvular abnormalities in the setting of positive blood culture for Streptobacillus moniliformis. We report a case of native valve endocarditis secondary to Streptobacillus moniliformis in a woman with a mitral valve vegetation but negative blood cultures where the diagnosis was established using molecular diagnostics on the valvular tissue. Full article
315 KiB  
Case Report
Wound Botulism Caused by Clostridium subterminale after a Heroin Injection
by Paris A. Cook, Aimee Mishler, Dan Quan and Ashley Parrish-Garcia
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2018, 10(2), 7654; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2018.7654 - 05 Sep 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 609
Abstract
Botulism is caused by toxin production from many species of Clostridium, most commonly Clostridium botulinum as well as C. baratii and C. butyricum. Development of wound botulism is associated with injection drug users but has also been described in traumatic injuries with [...] Read more.
Botulism is caused by toxin production from many species of Clostridium, most commonly Clostridium botulinum as well as C. baratii and C. butyricum. Development of wound botulism is associated with injection drug users but has also been described in traumatic injuries with exposure to soil. A patient presented to the emergency department with a complaint of descending, progressive weakness. He recently reported skin popping with heroin injections. Heptavalent botulinum antitoxin was obtained from the [Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)]. On hospital day seven, the anaerobic wound cultures resulted with growth of Clostridium subterminale. Full article
302 KiB  
Case Report
Bacteremic Meningitis due to Pasteurella multocida Resistant to First line Antibiotic Therapy
by Damiano Larnè, Manuela Ceccarelli, Fabrizio Condorelli, Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo, Giuseppe Nunnari and Giovanni Francesco Pellicanò
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2018, 10(2), 7632; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2018.7632 - 05 Sep 2018
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 547
Abstract
Pasteurella species reside in the gastrointestinal tract of many animals, especially in pets such as cats or dogs. Zoonotic transmission of Pasteurella to human is documented. We describe a case of meningitis in a 66-year-old woman with positive blood culture for Pasteurella multocida. [...] Read more.
Pasteurella species reside in the gastrointestinal tract of many animals, especially in pets such as cats or dogs. Zoonotic transmission of Pasteurella to human is documented. We describe a case of meningitis in a 66-year-old woman with positive blood culture for Pasteurella multocida. Meningitis caused by zoonosis agents is a rare event, but it should be suspected in patients that have recreational or professional exposure to animals. In this case, not only the etiologic agent was rare, but the microorganism was also resistant to firstline antibiotic drugs. Full article
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