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Article

Relationship Between Each of the Four Major Motor Symptoms and At-Home Physical Activity in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

by
Yuichi Hirakawa
1,2,
Hiroaki Sakurai
3,
Kazuya Takeda
3,
Soichiro Koyama
3,
Masanobu Iwai
1,
Ikuo Motoya
1,3,
Yoshikiyo Kanada
3,
Nobutoshi Kawamura
4,
Mami Kawamura
4 and
Shigeo Tanabe
2,3,*
1
Department of Rehabilitation, Kawamura Hospital, 1-84 Daihannya Akutami, Gifu 501-3144, Japan
2
Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
3
Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
4
Department of Neurology, Kawamura Hospital, 1-84 Daihannya Akutami, Gifu 501-3144, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Neurol. Int. 2025, 17(9), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17090139
Submission received: 13 July 2025 / Revised: 20 August 2025 / Accepted: 1 September 2025 / Published: 3 September 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases)
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) often experience four major motor symptoms—tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability/gait disorder. Although these symptoms have been shown to affect activities of daily living, their impact on the level of at-home physical activity (PA) in this population remains unexplored. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the four major motor symptoms of PD and at-home PA in these individuals. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 17 individuals with PD. We examined the relationship between the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part 3 score and the time spent in three PA intensities (sedentary behavior, light PA [LPA], and moderate-to-vigorous PA) within the home. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for statistical analysis. Results: In the initial step analysis, a significant negative correlation was observed between the overall motor symptom score and the time spent in LPA inside the home (rs [95% confidence interval]: −0.72 [−0.93 to −0.25]; p < 0.01). In the second step analysis, a significant negative correlation was observed between the bradykinesia score and the time spent in LPA inside the home (rs: −0.74 [−0.92 to −0.30]; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Among the four major motor symptoms, only the severity of bradykinesia influenced the time spent in LPA inside the home. Thus, rehabilitation treatment focusing on bradykinesia may be beneficial for increasing the time spent in LPA inside the home for individuals with PD.
Keywords: at-home activity; bradykinesia; Parkinson’s disease; triaxial accelerometer at-home activity; bradykinesia; Parkinson’s disease; triaxial accelerometer
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MDPI and ACS Style

Hirakawa, Y.; Sakurai, H.; Takeda, K.; Koyama, S.; Iwai, M.; Motoya, I.; Kanada, Y.; Kawamura, N.; Kawamura, M.; Tanabe, S. Relationship Between Each of the Four Major Motor Symptoms and At-Home Physical Activity in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Neurol. Int. 2025, 17, 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17090139

AMA Style

Hirakawa Y, Sakurai H, Takeda K, Koyama S, Iwai M, Motoya I, Kanada Y, Kawamura N, Kawamura M, Tanabe S. Relationship Between Each of the Four Major Motor Symptoms and At-Home Physical Activity in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Neurology International. 2025; 17(9):139. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17090139

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hirakawa, Yuichi, Hiroaki Sakurai, Kazuya Takeda, Soichiro Koyama, Masanobu Iwai, Ikuo Motoya, Yoshikiyo Kanada, Nobutoshi Kawamura, Mami Kawamura, and Shigeo Tanabe. 2025. "Relationship Between Each of the Four Major Motor Symptoms and At-Home Physical Activity in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study" Neurology International 17, no. 9: 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17090139

APA Style

Hirakawa, Y., Sakurai, H., Takeda, K., Koyama, S., Iwai, M., Motoya, I., Kanada, Y., Kawamura, N., Kawamura, M., & Tanabe, S. (2025). Relationship Between Each of the Four Major Motor Symptoms and At-Home Physical Activity in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. Neurology International, 17(9), 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17090139

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