The Association of Cerebral Blood Flow Measured Using Extracranial Carotid Ultrasound with Functional Outcomes in Patients with Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion After Endovascular Thrombectomy—A Retrospective Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Data and Examination
2.3. Variable Abstraction and Management
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Comparison Between Enrolled and Excluded Patients
3.2. Baseline Variables and Correlation Analysis
3.3. Predictors of Fair Outcomes
3.4. Validation of Outcome Predictors, Including Sonography Index
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Enrolled Patients N: 89 | Excluded Patients N: 29 | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 69.45 ± 13.59 (24–95) | 72 ± 12.59 (47–89) | p: 0.73 |
Sex (n) | M: 51/F: 38 | M: 13/F: 16 | p: 0.286 |
Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 17 (19.1%) | 9 (31%) | p: 0.308 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 58 (65.2%) | 19 (65.5%) | p > 0.999 |
Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 23 (25.8%) | 7 (24.1%) | p > 0.999 |
Af (n, %) | 50 (56.2%) | 10 (34.5%) | p: 0.053 |
Smoking (n, %) | 26 (29.7%) | 6 (20.7%) | p: 0.474 |
Previous stroke (n, %) | 15 (16.9%) | 7 (24.1%) | p: 0.415 |
Cancer (n, %) | 12 (13.5%) | 7 (24.1%) | p: 0.243 |
Alcohol (n, %) | 16 (18%) | 4 (13.8%) | p: 0.778 |
NOACs (n, %) | 36 (40.4%) | 6 (20.7%) | * p: 0.048 |
Initial NIHSS median (IQR) | 14 (10.5–17) | 17 (14.5–21) | * p: 0.017 |
Pre-stroke mRS median (IQR) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | p: 0.241 |
ASPECTS median (IQR) | 8 (3–10.3) | 6 (4.5–7) | * p: 0.004 |
r-tPA (n, %) | 28 (31.5%) | 8 (27.6%) | p: 0.818 |
TICI of 2b to 3 (n, %) | 71 (79.81%) | 19 (65.5%) | * p: 0.002 |
Variables | Correlation with mRS Score at 3 Months | |
---|---|---|
Age (years) (mean ± SD, range) | 69.45 ± 13.59 (24–95) | 0.296; p: 0.005 |
Sex (n, %) | M: 51 (57.3%)/F: 38 (42.7%) | −0.106; p: 0.265 |
Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 17 (19.1%) | −0.080; p: 0.459 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 58 (65.2%) | 0.044; p: 0.687 |
Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 23 (25.8%) | 0.001; p: 0.992 |
Af (n, %) | 50 (56.2%) | 0.066; p: 0.542 |
Smoking (n, %) | 26 (29.7%) | −0.105; p: 0.334 |
Previous stroke (n, %) | 15 (16.9%) | 0.111; p: 0.306 |
Cancer (n, %) | 12 (13.5%) | 0.113; p: 0.290 |
Alcohol (n, %) | 16 (18%) | −0.083; p: 0.445 |
NOACs (n, %) | 36 (40.4%) | −0.026; p: 0.814 |
Initial NIHSS median (IQR) | 14 (10.5–17) | 0.226; p: 0.035 |
Pre-stroke mRS median (IQR) | 0 (0–0) | 0.200; p: 0.064 |
ASPECTS median (IQR) | 8 (6–9) | −0.453; p < 0.001 |
r-tPA (n, %) | 28 (31.5%) | −0.342; p: 0.001 |
TICI of 2b to 3 (n, %) | 71 (79.81%) | −0.353; p: 0.001 |
QTI/non-QTI median (IQR) | 0.99 (0.77–1.17) | −0.247; p: 0.021 |
QTI/QTC ratio (mean ± SD) | 0.63 ± 0.16 | −0.221; p: 0.04 |
Variables | mRS: 0–3 n: 53 | mRS: 4–6 n: 36 | p | Univariate Analysis OR (95% CI), p | Multivariate Analysis OR (95% CI), p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 67.19 ± 14.21 | 72.78 ± 12.07 | 0.057 | 0.97 (0.93–1.00), p: 0.061 | 0.96 (0.92–1.00), p: 0.08 |
female (n, %) | 19 (35.84%) | 19 (52.77%) | 0.131 | 2 (0.84–4.73), p: 0.115 | 1.38 (0.44–4.36), p: 0.58 |
Diabetes Mellitus (n, %) | 10 (18.87%) | 7 (19.44%) | >0.999 | 0.96 (0.33–2.82), p: 0.946 | |
Hypertension (n, %) | 33 (62.26%) | 25 (69.44%) | 0.507 | 0.73 (0.29–1.79), p: 0.486 | |
Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 12 (22.64%) | 11 (30.55%) | 0.464 | 0.67 (0.25–1.73), p: 0.404 | |
Af (n, %) | 30 (56.60%) | 20 (55.55%) | >0.999 | 1.04 (0.44–2.45), p: 0.922 | |
Smoking (n, %) | 8 (15.09%) | 8 (22.22%) | 0.342 | 1.80 (0.68–4.75), p: 0.235 | |
Previous Stroke (n, %) | 7 (13.21%) | 8 (22.22%) | 0.387 | 0.53 (0.17–1.63), p: 0.269 | |
Cancer (n, %) | 5 (9.43%) | 7 (19.44%) | 0.214 | 0.43 (0.13–1.49), * p: 0.183 | 1.04 (0.22–4.86), p: 0.96 |
Alcohol (n, %) | 11 (20.75) | 5 (13.89) | 0.575 | 1.62 (0.51–5.15), p: 0.411 | |
r-tPA (n, %) | 22 (41.51) | 6 (16.67) | * 0.019 | 3.55 (1.26–9.97), * p: 0.016 | 2.89 (0.85–9.89), p: 0.08 |
NOACs (n, %) | 22 (41.51) | 14 (38.89) | 0.829 | 1.1 (0.47–2.56), p: 0.805 | |
Initial NIHSS median (IQR) | 14 (10–17) | 14 (11–20) | 0.152 | 0.94 (0.86 -1.03), * p: 0.154 | 0.98 (0.87–1.10), p: 0.75 |
ASPECTS median (IQR) | 8 (7–9) | 7 (6–8) | * <0.001 | 1.93 (1.38–2.72), * p < 0.001 | 1.79 (1.16–2.78), p: 0.009 |
TICI of 2b to 3 (n, %) | 48 (90.57) | 23 (63.89) | * 0.003 | 5.43 (1.73–17.05), * p: 0.004 | 4.91 (1.10–21.89), p: 0.037 |
QTI/QTC (mean ± SD) | 0.66 ± 0.13 | 0.57 ± 0.19 | * 0.009 | * 49.51 (1.99–1232.59), p: 0.017 | 45.35 (1.11–1847.51) p: 0.04 |
Variables | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
TICI: 2b to 3 | 3.72 | 0.97–14.27 | 0.056 |
Age < 70 y/o | 2.58 | 0.87–7.71 | 0.089 |
ASPECTS > 8 | 72.89 | 0.94–8.91 | 0.064 |
Initial NIHSS < 15 | 2.00 | 0.65–6.15 | 0.225 |
Applying r-tPA | 4.25 | 1.25–14.46 | * 0.002 |
QTI/QTC > 0.6 | 3.83 | 1.28–11.48 | * 0.016 |
Constant | 0.002 | 0.001 |
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Lin, X.-H.; Chen, K.-W.; Hsu, C.-F.; Chang, T.-W.; Shen, C.-Y.; Chi, H.-Y. The Association of Cerebral Blood Flow Measured Using Extracranial Carotid Ultrasound with Functional Outcomes in Patients with Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion After Endovascular Thrombectomy—A Retrospective Study. Neurol. Int. 2025, 17, 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17050067
Lin X-H, Chen K-W, Hsu C-F, Chang T-W, Shen C-Y, Chi H-Y. The Association of Cerebral Blood Flow Measured Using Extracranial Carotid Ultrasound with Functional Outcomes in Patients with Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion After Endovascular Thrombectomy—A Retrospective Study. Neurology International. 2025; 17(5):67. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17050067
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Xin-Hong, Kuan-Wen Chen, Chung-Fu Hsu, Ting-Wei Chang, Chao-Yu Shen, and Hsin-Yi Chi. 2025. "The Association of Cerebral Blood Flow Measured Using Extracranial Carotid Ultrasound with Functional Outcomes in Patients with Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion After Endovascular Thrombectomy—A Retrospective Study" Neurology International 17, no. 5: 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17050067
APA StyleLin, X.-H., Chen, K.-W., Hsu, C.-F., Chang, T.-W., Shen, C.-Y., & Chi, H.-Y. (2025). The Association of Cerebral Blood Flow Measured Using Extracranial Carotid Ultrasound with Functional Outcomes in Patients with Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion After Endovascular Thrombectomy—A Retrospective Study. Neurology International, 17(5), 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/neurolint17050067