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World Electric Vehicle Journal is published by MDPI from Volume 9 issue 1 (2018). Previous articles were published by The World Electric Vehicle Association (WEVA) and its member the European Association for e-Mobility (AVERE), the Electric Drive Transportation Association (EDTA), and the Electric Vehicle Association of Asia Pacific (EVAAP). They are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with AVERE.
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Article

Where Is the Early Market for PHEVs?

by
Danilo J. Santini
1,*,
Gerben Passier
2,
Francois Badin
3,
Arie Brouwer
4,
Fiorentino Valerio Conte
5,
Stefan Smets
6,
Mark Alexander
7,
Cyriacus Bleijs
8,
Thierry Brincourt
9,
Anant Vyas
1 and
Aymeric Rousseau
1
1
Argonne National Laboratory
2
TNO/Business Unit/(EST)
3
Francois Badin
4
SenterNovem
5
Arsenal Research
6
VITO
7
Electric Power Research Institute
8
EDF DTVE, Electric Vehicles and Transportation
9
EDF R&D, Centre de Recherche
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
World Electr. Veh. J. 2008, 2(4), 284-333; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj2040284
Published: 26 December 2008

Abstract

The relative fuel consumption reduction strengths of multiple passenger car powertrains are investigated. These include [A] conventional compression ignition (CI) direct injection (DI) turbocharged (TC) diesel (D) [CI-DI-TC-D]; [B] Atkinson cycle charge sustaining (CS) “split-hybrid” electric vehicles (HEV) fueled by gasoline/petrol (G) [HEVG]; plug-in (P) hybrid gasoline/petrol [PHEVG)]; and indirect fuel injected (IDI) spark-ignited (SI) internal combustion engines (ICE) fueled by gasoline/petrol [SI-IDI-NA-G]. When we use simulation to evaluate the behavior of PHEVG powertrains, the size is a four-to-five passenger car platform that would be regarded as “compact” in the U.S. and standard in Europe. A careful distinction between probable driving patterns for PHEVGs when in charge-depletion (CD) mode vs. charge sustaining (CS) operation is made. Effects of variation in the amount of kWh storage and the CD strategy, between PHEVs with varying km of electric-equivalent range are also investigated. The effect of electric drive (battery and motor) power (kW) on ability of a vehicle to operate all-electrically, relative to its ability to reduce oil use, is examined. Four degrees of hybridization are briefly examined, including stop-start (SS), integrated starter-generator (ISG), mild parallel (MP), and full parallel (FP). Each of the parallel PHEVs examined is an FP. Powertrain model simulations and limited dynamometer test results for such PHEVGs are compared to the other vehicle types for certification and “on-road” driving cycles from Europe and the U.S. It is illustrated that the conventional wisdom that HEVG has significant superiority over CG primarily in urban stop and go driving should not automatically be extended to PHEVGs. The driving cycle information is related to systematically varying consumer patterns of dwelling choice and vehicle use in cities, suburbs, and rural areas, as well as across nations. Effects of fuel taxation choices by nation — for gasoline, diesel and electric fuel — are investigated. The effects that residential location and type, driving cycle, and fuel cost have on the relative marketability of the studied powertrains, when initially entering the market, are summarized. The sequence of events leading to early emergence of original equipment automaker production and marketing of PHEVGs is discussed.
Keywords: Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle; Parallel HEVs; Series HEVs; Energy Consumption; Vehicle Performance; Li-Ion Battery; Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH); Zero Emissions Vehicle (ZEV) Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle; Parallel HEVs; Series HEVs; Energy Consumption; Vehicle Performance; Li-Ion Battery; Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH); Zero Emissions Vehicle (ZEV)

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Santini, D.J.; Passier, G.; Badin, F.; Brouwer, A.; Conte, F.V.; Smets, S.; Alexander, M.; Bleijs, C.; Brincourt, T.; Vyas, A.; et al. Where Is the Early Market for PHEVs? World Electr. Veh. J. 2008, 2, 284-333. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj2040284

AMA Style

Santini DJ, Passier G, Badin F, Brouwer A, Conte FV, Smets S, Alexander M, Bleijs C, Brincourt T, Vyas A, et al. Where Is the Early Market for PHEVs? World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2008; 2(4):284-333. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj2040284

Chicago/Turabian Style

Santini, Danilo J., Gerben Passier, Francois Badin, Arie Brouwer, Fiorentino Valerio Conte, Stefan Smets, Mark Alexander, Cyriacus Bleijs, Thierry Brincourt, Anant Vyas, and et al. 2008. "Where Is the Early Market for PHEVs?" World Electric Vehicle Journal 2, no. 4: 284-333. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj2040284

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