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Open AccessArticle
Formal Modelling and Verification of Multi-Parameter Context and Agent Transition Systems: Application to Urban Delivery Zone and Autonomous Electric Vehicle
by
Abir Nemouchi
Abir Nemouchi
,
Ahmed Bouzenada
Ahmed Bouzenada
Djamel Eddine Saidouni
Djamel Eddine Saidouni
Gregorio Díaz
Gregorio Díaz
Gregorio Díaz has been a Full Professor at the University of Castilla-La Mancha and head of the 28 [...]
Gregorio Díaz has been a Full Professor at the University of Castilla-La Mancha and head of the ReTiCS research group since 2024, published more than 28 journal papers, from which the JCR index indexes 25, participated in more than 60 international and national conferences, and has been the main researcher of 4 ERDF projects. His research aims to make software more reliable, secure, and easier to design. He has supervised over 29 master theses, including 4 in research areas and 4 PhD theses. He has taught in undergraduate and postgraduate studies awarded with the quality award Euro-Inf Bachelor by EQANIE.
1
MISC Laboratory, University of Abdelhamid Mehri Constantine 2, Constantine 25016, Algeria
2
Instituto de Investigación en Informática, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02071 Albacete, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
World Electr. Veh. J. 2025, 16(9), 494; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16090494 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 18 July 2025
/
Revised: 20 August 2025
/
Accepted: 28 August 2025
/
Published: 1 September 2025
Abstract
The increasing integration of autonomous electric vehicles (EVs) into Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) needs rigorous mechanisms to ensure their safe and effective operation in dynamic environments. The reliability of such vehicles depends not only on their internal capabilities but also on the suitability and safety of the environments in which they operate. This paper introduces a formal modelling framework that captures independently the dynamic evolution of the environmental context and the EV agent using multi-parameter transition systems. Two distinct models are defined: the Context Transition System (CTS), which models changes in environmental states, and the Agent Transition System (ATS), which captures the internal state evolution of the EV. Safety and liveness properties are formally specified in Computation Tree Logic (CTL) and verified using the nuXmv model checker. The framework is validated through two representative use cases: a dynamic urban delivery zone and an autonomous electric delivery vehicle. The results highlight the framework’s effectiveness in detecting unsafe conditions, verifying mission objectives, and supporting the reliable deployment of EVs in ITS.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Nemouchi, A.; Bouzenada, A.; Saidouni, D.E.; Díaz, G.
Formal Modelling and Verification of Multi-Parameter Context and Agent Transition Systems: Application to Urban Delivery Zone and Autonomous Electric Vehicle. World Electr. Veh. J. 2025, 16, 494.
https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16090494
AMA Style
Nemouchi A, Bouzenada A, Saidouni DE, Díaz G.
Formal Modelling and Verification of Multi-Parameter Context and Agent Transition Systems: Application to Urban Delivery Zone and Autonomous Electric Vehicle. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2025; 16(9):494.
https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16090494
Chicago/Turabian Style
Nemouchi, Abir, Ahmed Bouzenada, Djamel Eddine Saidouni, and Gregorio Díaz.
2025. "Formal Modelling and Verification of Multi-Parameter Context and Agent Transition Systems: Application to Urban Delivery Zone and Autonomous Electric Vehicle" World Electric Vehicle Journal 16, no. 9: 494.
https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16090494
APA Style
Nemouchi, A., Bouzenada, A., Saidouni, D. E., & Díaz, G.
(2025). Formal Modelling and Verification of Multi-Parameter Context and Agent Transition Systems: Application to Urban Delivery Zone and Autonomous Electric Vehicle. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 16(9), 494.
https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16090494
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