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Article

A Novel Charging and Discharging Algorithm of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Vehicle-to-Grid and Photovoltaic Generation

by
Ahmed Aljanad
1,
Azah Mohamed
1,
Tamer Khatib
2,*,
Afida Ayob
1 and
Hussain Shareef
3
1
Center for Integrated Systems Engineering and Advanced Technologies, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Department of Energy Engineering and Environment, An-Najah National University, Nablus 97300, Palestine
3
Department of Electrical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, UAE
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
World Electr. Veh. J. 2019, 10(4), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040061
Submission received: 15 July 2019 / Revised: 15 September 2019 / Accepted: 17 September 2019 / Published: 27 September 2019
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Abstract

Considering, the high penetration of plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs), the charging and discharging of PHEVs may lead to technical problems on electricity distribution networks. Therefore, the management of PHEV charging and discharging needs to be addressed to coordinate the time of PHEVs so as to be charged or discharged. This paper presents a management control method called the charging and discharging control algorithm (CDCA) to determine when and which of the PHEVs can be activated to consume power from the grid or supply power back to grid through the vehicle-to-grid technology. The proposed control algorithm considers fast charging scenario and photovoltaic generation during peak load to mitigate the impact of the vehicles. One of the important parameters considered in the CDCA is the PHEV battery state of charge (SOC). To predict the PHEV battery SOC, a particle swarm optimization-based artificial neural network is developed. Results show that the proposed CDCA gives better performance as compared to the uncoordinated charging method of vehicles in terms of maintaining the bus voltage profile during fast charging.
Keywords: charging and discharging control algorithm; state of charge; plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; particle swarm optimization; artificial neural network charging and discharging control algorithm; state of charge; plug-in hybrid electric vehicle; particle swarm optimization; artificial neural network

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MDPI and ACS Style

Aljanad, A.; Mohamed, A.; Khatib, T.; Ayob, A.; Shareef, H. A Novel Charging and Discharging Algorithm of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Vehicle-to-Grid and Photovoltaic Generation. World Electr. Veh. J. 2019, 10, 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040061

AMA Style

Aljanad A, Mohamed A, Khatib T, Ayob A, Shareef H. A Novel Charging and Discharging Algorithm of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Vehicle-to-Grid and Photovoltaic Generation. World Electric Vehicle Journal. 2019; 10(4):61. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040061

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aljanad, Ahmed, Azah Mohamed, Tamer Khatib, Afida Ayob, and Hussain Shareef. 2019. "A Novel Charging and Discharging Algorithm of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Vehicle-to-Grid and Photovoltaic Generation" World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 4: 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040061

APA Style

Aljanad, A., Mohamed, A., Khatib, T., Ayob, A., & Shareef, H. (2019). A Novel Charging and Discharging Algorithm of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering Vehicle-to-Grid and Photovoltaic Generation. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 10(4), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040061

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