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Pharmaceutics
Volume 18
Issue 6
10.3390/pharmaceutics18060669
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Intranasal Immunization with Recombinant Hemagglutinin of Influenza A/H5 Virus Complexed with Novochizol Induces Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies and Protects Animals from Lethal Viral Challenge

by
Nadezhda B. Rudometova
1,
Ksenia I. Ivanova
1,
Vladislav V. Fomenko
2,
Andrey P. Rudometov
1,*,
Lyubov A. Kisakova
1,
Denis N. Kisakov
1,
Elena V. Yakovleva
1,
Vladimir A. Yakovlev
1,
Kristina P. Makarova
1,
Danil I. Vakhitov
1,
Mariya B. Borgoyakova
1,
Ekaterina V. Starostina
1,
Boris N. Zaitsev
1,
Victoria R. Litvinova
1,
Stepan A. Pyankov
1,
Tatiana N. Ilyicheva
1,
Alexander A. Ilyichev
1,
Andrei S. Gudymo
1,
Vasiliy Yu. Marchenko
1,
Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
2,
Aleksandr P. Agafonov
1 and
Larisa I. Karpenko
1,*add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1
State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
2
N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2026, 18(6), 669; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18060669 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 9 April 2026 / Revised: 8 May 2026 / Accepted: 20 May 2026 / Published: 28 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Delivery System for Biomacromolecule Drugs: Design and Application, 2nd Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Avian influenza is a critical zoonotic infection threatening both the poultry industry and global public health. While traditional intramuscular vaccines elicit systemic immunity, they often fail to provide robust local protection at mucosal surfaces. There is thus significant interest in the development of mucosal avian influenza vaccines administered via the intranasal route. However, in humans, this approach is significantly hampered by the availability of safe and effective adjuvants. Methods: This study investigated the immunogenicity of a modified recombinant influenza A/H5 hemagglutinin (rHA/H5-modif) formulated with Novochizol, a novel chitosan-derived delivery system, administered intranasally to laboratory animals. Results: Our results demonstrate that mucosal immunization with the rHA/H5-modif/Novochizol complex induces potent humoral (IgG and IgA) and cell-mediated immune responses. Crucially, the formulation provided 100% survival in mice following a lethal challenge with highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5. Conclusions: These findings position the rHA/H5-modif/Novochizol complex as a promising candidate for next-generation mucosal vaccines, in particular against highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5 subtype.
Keywords: influenza A/H5 virus; hemagglutinin; intranasal immunization; Novochizol influenza A/H5 virus; hemagglutinin; intranasal immunization; Novochizol

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rudometova, N.B.; Ivanova, K.I.; Fomenko, V.V.; Rudometov, A.P.; Kisakova, L.A.; Kisakov, D.N.; Yakovleva, E.V.; Yakovlev, V.A.; Makarova, K.P.; Vakhitov, D.I.; et al. Intranasal Immunization with Recombinant Hemagglutinin of Influenza A/H5 Virus Complexed with Novochizol Induces Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies and Protects Animals from Lethal Viral Challenge. Pharmaceutics 2026, 18, 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18060669

AMA Style

Rudometova NB, Ivanova KI, Fomenko VV, Rudometov AP, Kisakova LA, Kisakov DN, Yakovleva EV, Yakovlev VA, Makarova KP, Vakhitov DI, et al. Intranasal Immunization with Recombinant Hemagglutinin of Influenza A/H5 Virus Complexed with Novochizol Induces Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies and Protects Animals from Lethal Viral Challenge. Pharmaceutics. 2026; 18(6):669. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18060669

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rudometova, Nadezhda B., Ksenia I. Ivanova, Vladislav V. Fomenko, Andrey P. Rudometov, Lyubov A. Kisakova, Denis N. Kisakov, Elena V. Yakovleva, Vladimir A. Yakovlev, Kristina P. Makarova, Danil I. Vakhitov, and et al. 2026. "Intranasal Immunization with Recombinant Hemagglutinin of Influenza A/H5 Virus Complexed with Novochizol Induces Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies and Protects Animals from Lethal Viral Challenge" Pharmaceutics 18, no. 6: 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18060669

APA Style

Rudometova, N. B., Ivanova, K. I., Fomenko, V. V., Rudometov, A. P., Kisakova, L. A., Kisakov, D. N., Yakovleva, E. V., Yakovlev, V. A., Makarova, K. P., Vakhitov, D. I., Borgoyakova, M. B., Starostina, E. V., Zaitsev, B. N., Litvinova, V. R., Pyankov, S. A., Ilyicheva, T. N., Ilyichev, A. A., Gudymo, A. S., Marchenko, V. Y., ... Karpenko, L. I. (2026). Intranasal Immunization with Recombinant Hemagglutinin of Influenza A/H5 Virus Complexed with Novochizol Induces Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies and Protects Animals from Lethal Viral Challenge. Pharmaceutics, 18(6), 669. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18060669

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