This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Open AccessReview
Adjunctive Local Agents to Subgingival Instrumentation in the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Review of Recent Clinical Trials and Future Perspectives
by
William G. Boivin
William G. Boivin *,
Maxwell T. Cory
Maxwell T. Cory ,
Ioannis Kormas
Ioannis Kormas
and
Larry F. Wolff
Larry F. Wolff
Division of Periodontology, Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(6), 697; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060697 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 15 April 2025
/
Revised: 22 May 2025
/
Accepted: 23 May 2025
/
Published: 26 May 2025
Abstract
The purpose of this narrative review is to identify and present clinical trials published in the last five years on local delivery agents used as adjuncts to subgingival instrumentation in the non-surgical management of periodontitis. Epidemiological studies have shown that periodontitis is highly prevalent in the general population. Treatment is usually based on mechanical removal of contaminants from the root surface followed by long-term supportive care, resulting in decreased occurrence of tooth loss. Clinical health is not always achieved at all sites, leading to research efforts by researchers to find adjunctive agents to help improve the periodontal condition. This review aims to present the most recent developments in local adjunctive agents for the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. Therapies used included antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as well as antimicrobial and biomodulating compounds. A search in PubMed was conducted to identify the most recent randomized controlled trials relating to locally delivered adjunctive agents in periodontitis treatment beyond traditional therapies such as chlorhexidine, minocycline and doxycycline. Thirty-one articles published in the last five years were included. The most current evidence from human trials supports that, despite the high variability in experimental protocols, there may be a clinical benefit to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and gels carrying sodium hypochlorite, melatonin, tea tree oil and Aloe vera. Most recently, advances in nanotechnology, including liposomes, present an avenue forward to potentially increase the effectiveness of current and future local delivery agents in the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Boivin, W.G.; Cory, M.T.; Kormas, I.; Wolff, L.F.
Adjunctive Local Agents to Subgingival Instrumentation in the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Review of Recent Clinical Trials and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2025, 17, 697.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060697
AMA Style
Boivin WG, Cory MT, Kormas I, Wolff LF.
Adjunctive Local Agents to Subgingival Instrumentation in the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Review of Recent Clinical Trials and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics. 2025; 17(6):697.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060697
Chicago/Turabian Style
Boivin, William G., Maxwell T. Cory, Ioannis Kormas, and Larry F. Wolff.
2025. "Adjunctive Local Agents to Subgingival Instrumentation in the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Review of Recent Clinical Trials and Future Perspectives" Pharmaceutics 17, no. 6: 697.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060697
APA Style
Boivin, W. G., Cory, M. T., Kormas, I., & Wolff, L. F.
(2025). Adjunctive Local Agents to Subgingival Instrumentation in the Treatment of Periodontitis: A Review of Recent Clinical Trials and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics, 17(6), 697.
https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17060697
Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details
here.
Article Metrics
Article Access Statistics
For more information on the journal statistics, click
here.
Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view.