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Pharmaceutics
Volume 16
Issue 10
10.3390/pharmaceutics16101346
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Systematic Review

Effectiveness of Lyoprotectants in Protein Stabilization During Lyophilization

by
Vinoothini Karunnanithy
1,
Nur Hazirah Binti Abdul Rahman
1,
Nur Atiqah Haizum Abdullah
1,
Mh Busra Fauzi
1,2,
Yogeswaran Lokanathan
1,2,
Angela Ng Min Hwei
1,2 and
Manira Maarof
1,2,3,*
1
Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2
Advance Bioactive Materials-Cells UKM Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Ageing and Degenerative Disease UKM Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(10), 1346; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16101346
Submission received: 11 September 2024 / Revised: 10 October 2024 / Accepted: 17 October 2024 / Published: 21 October 2024
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Abstract

Background: Proteins are commonly used in the healthcare industry to treat various health conditions, and most proteins are sensitive to physical and chemical changes. Lyophilization, also known as freeze-drying, involves sublimating water in the form of ice from a substance at low pressure, forming a freeze-dried powder that increases its shelf life. Extreme pressure and varying temperatures in the freeze-drying process may damage the protein’s structural integrity. Lyoprotectants are commonly used to protect protein conformations. It is important to choose a suitable lyoprotectant to ensure optimal effectiveness. Method: Twenty articles screened from Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed were included in this review that discussed potential lyoprotectants and their effectiveness with different protein models. Results: Lyoprotectants were categorized into sugars, polyols, surfactants, and amino acids. Lyoprotectants can exhibit significant protective effects towards proteins, either singularly or in combination with another lyoprotectant. They exert various interactions with the protein to stabilize it, such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, and osmoprotection. Conclusions: This review concludes that disaccharides are the most effective lyoprotectants, while other groups of lyoprotectants are best used in combination with other lyoprotectants.
Keywords: lyoprotectant; protein stabilization; freeze-drying; cryodesiccation lyoprotectant; protein stabilization; freeze-drying; cryodesiccation
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MDPI and ACS Style

Karunnanithy, V.; Abdul Rahman, N.H.B.; Abdullah, N.A.H.; Fauzi, M.B.; Lokanathan, Y.; Min Hwei, A.N.; Maarof, M. Effectiveness of Lyoprotectants in Protein Stabilization During Lyophilization. Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16101346

AMA Style

Karunnanithy V, Abdul Rahman NHB, Abdullah NAH, Fauzi MB, Lokanathan Y, Min Hwei AN, Maarof M. Effectiveness of Lyoprotectants in Protein Stabilization During Lyophilization. Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(10):1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16101346

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karunnanithy, Vinoothini, Nur Hazirah Binti Abdul Rahman, Nur Atiqah Haizum Abdullah, Mh Busra Fauzi, Yogeswaran Lokanathan, Angela Ng Min Hwei, and Manira Maarof. 2024. "Effectiveness of Lyoprotectants in Protein Stabilization During Lyophilization" Pharmaceutics 16, no. 10: 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16101346

APA Style

Karunnanithy, V., Abdul Rahman, N. H. B., Abdullah, N. A. H., Fauzi, M. B., Lokanathan, Y., Min Hwei, A. N., & Maarof, M. (2024). Effectiveness of Lyoprotectants in Protein Stabilization During Lyophilization. Pharmaceutics, 16(10), 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16101346

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