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Pharmaceutics
Volume 13
Issue 6
10.3390/pharmaceutics13060858
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Article

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Guanidinylated Dendritic Molecular Transporters: An Efficient Platform for the Selective Anticancer Activity of Doxorubicin

by
Kyriaki-Marina Lyra
1,
Archontia Kaminari
1,
Katerina N. Panagiotaki
1,
Konstantinos Spyrou
2,
Sergios Papageorgiou
1,
Elias Sakellis
1,
Fotios K. Katsaros
1 and
Zili Sideratou
1,*
1
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
2
Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(6), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060858
Submission received: 23 April 2021 / Revised: 2 June 2021 / Accepted: 3 June 2021 / Published: 9 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Polymeric Nanocarriers for Drug and Gene Delivery)
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Abstract

An efficient doxorubicin (DOX) drug delivery system with specificity against tumor cells was developed, based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with guanidinylated dendritic molecular transporters. Acid-treated MWCNTs (oxCNTs) interacted both electrostatically and through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals attraction forces with guanidinylated derivatives of 5000 and 25,000 Da molecular weight hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (GPEI5K and GPEI25K). Chemical characterization of these GPEI-functionalized oxCNTs revealed successful decoration with GPEIs all over the oxCNTs sidewalls, which, due to the presence of guanidinium groups, gave them aqueous compatibility and, thus, exceptional colloidal stability. These GPEI-functionalized CNTs were subsequently loaded with DOX for selective anticancer activity, yielding systems of high DOX loading, up to 99.5% encapsulation efficiency, while the DOX-loaded systems exhibited pH-triggered release and higher therapeutic efficacy compared to that of free DOX. Most importantly, the oxCNTs@GPEI5K-DOX system caused high and selective toxicity against cancer cells in a non-apoptotic, fast and catastrophic manner that cancer cells cannot recover from. Therefore, the oxCNTs@GPEI5K nanocarrier was found to be a potent and efficient nanoscale DOX delivery system, exhibiting high selectivity against cancerous cells, thus constituting a promising candidate for cancer therapy.
Keywords: drug delivery system; cancer cell specificity; doxorubicin; hyperbranched polyethyleneimine; carbon nanotubes; guanidinium; molecular transporters drug delivery system; cancer cell specificity; doxorubicin; hyperbranched polyethyleneimine; carbon nanotubes; guanidinium; molecular transporters

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lyra, K.-M.; Kaminari, A.; Panagiotaki, K.N.; Spyrou, K.; Papageorgiou, S.; Sakellis, E.; Katsaros, F.K.; Sideratou, Z. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Guanidinylated Dendritic Molecular Transporters: An Efficient Platform for the Selective Anticancer Activity of Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 858. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060858

AMA Style

Lyra K-M, Kaminari A, Panagiotaki KN, Spyrou K, Papageorgiou S, Sakellis E, Katsaros FK, Sideratou Z. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Guanidinylated Dendritic Molecular Transporters: An Efficient Platform for the Selective Anticancer Activity of Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13(6):858. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060858

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lyra, Kyriaki-Marina, Archontia Kaminari, Katerina N. Panagiotaki, Konstantinos Spyrou, Sergios Papageorgiou, Elias Sakellis, Fotios K. Katsaros, and Zili Sideratou. 2021. "Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Guanidinylated Dendritic Molecular Transporters: An Efficient Platform for the Selective Anticancer Activity of Doxorubicin" Pharmaceutics 13, no. 6: 858. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060858

APA Style

Lyra, K.-M., Kaminari, A., Panagiotaki, K. N., Spyrou, K., Papageorgiou, S., Sakellis, E., Katsaros, F. K., & Sideratou, Z. (2021). Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Guanidinylated Dendritic Molecular Transporters: An Efficient Platform for the Selective Anticancer Activity of Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics, 13(6), 858. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060858

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