Design and Evaluation of pH-Dependent Nanosystems Based on Cellulose Acetate Phthalate, Nanoparticles Loaded with Chlorhexidine for Periodontal Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Nanospheres and Nanocapsules by the Emulsification Diffusion Technique
2.3. Physicochemical Characterization of the Cellulose Acetate Phthalate (CAP)-Nanospheres (NSphs)/CAP-Nanocapsules (NCs)
2.3.1. Particle Size Measurement and Surface Charge
2.3.2. Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.3.3. Stabilizer Quantification
2.3.4. Determination of Encapsulation Efficiency and Chlorhexidine Loading Capacity
2.3.5. Quantitative Determination of the Chlorhexidine Base
2.3.6. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
2.4. In Vitro Drug Release Study
2.5. Statistical Analyses
2.6. Panel Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Physicochemical Characterization of the CAP-NSphs/CAP-NCs
3.2. In Vitro Drug Release Study
3.3. Panel Test
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | NCs | NSphs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Formulation A | Formulation B | Formulation C | Formulation | |
Polymer (CAP) (mg) | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
Oil (eugenol) (mg) | 365 | 365 | 365 | – * |
Drug (CHX) (mg) | 10 | 20 | 30 | 10 |
External phase solvent (PVA 5%) (mL) | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
Inners phase solvent (MEC **) (mL) | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
Formulation | Amount of CHX (mg) | Size ± SD (nm) | PI * ± SD | Z-Potential ± SD (mV) | Process Efficiency ± SD (%) | Entrapment Efficiency ± SD (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | – | 180.6 ± 0.70 | – | −10.83 ± 0.77 | – | – |
NCs | 10 | 290.65 ± 15.70 | 0.14 ± 0.02 | −20.16 ± 2.64 | 84.30 ± 0.74 | 61.93 ± 4.28 |
20 | 324.46 ± 55.46 | 0.238 ± 0.02 | −18.77 ± 3.46 | 72.00 ± 1.66 | 64.49 ± 0.80 | |
30 | 296.35 ± 39.00 | 0.291 ± 0.05 | −18.71 ± 5.21 | 69.25 ± 0.43 | 59.88 ± 2.77 | |
NSphs | 10 | 247.60 ± 9.61 | 0.242 ± 0.01 | −20.35 ± 1.91 | 57.17 ± 1.23 | 77.36 ± 0.62 |
Nanosystem | Korsmeyer-Peppas Model | Higuchi Model | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
r2 | n | r2 | KH (mg/min1/2) | |
NSphs | 0.913 | 0.471 | 0.890 | 0.2402 |
NCs | 0.9464 | 0.6083 | 0.9343 | 0.1313 |
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Vidal-Romero, G.; Zambrano-Zaragoza, M.L.; Martínez-Acevedo, L.; Leyva-Gómez, G.; Mendoza-Elvira, S.E.; Quintanar-Guerrero, D. Design and Evaluation of pH-Dependent Nanosystems Based on Cellulose Acetate Phthalate, Nanoparticles Loaded with Chlorhexidine for Periodontal Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2019, 11, 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11110604
Vidal-Romero G, Zambrano-Zaragoza ML, Martínez-Acevedo L, Leyva-Gómez G, Mendoza-Elvira SE, Quintanar-Guerrero D. Design and Evaluation of pH-Dependent Nanosystems Based on Cellulose Acetate Phthalate, Nanoparticles Loaded with Chlorhexidine for Periodontal Treatment. Pharmaceutics. 2019; 11(11):604. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11110604
Chicago/Turabian StyleVidal-Romero, Gustavo, María L. Zambrano-Zaragoza, Lizbeth Martínez-Acevedo, Gerardo Leyva-Gómez, Susana E. Mendoza-Elvira, and David Quintanar-Guerrero. 2019. "Design and Evaluation of pH-Dependent Nanosystems Based on Cellulose Acetate Phthalate, Nanoparticles Loaded with Chlorhexidine for Periodontal Treatment" Pharmaceutics 11, no. 11: 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11110604