Viruses 2017, 9(9), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/v9090254
Immunopathogenesis of HPV-Associated Cancers and Prospects for Immunotherapy
Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
Received: 25 August 2017 / Revised: 7 September 2017 / Accepted: 8 September 2017 / Published: 12 September 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Expert Views on HPV Infection)
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a causative factor for various cancers of the anogenital region and oropharynx, and is supposed to play an important cofactor role for skin carcinogenesis. Evasion from immunosurveillance favors viral persistence. However, there is evidence that the mere presence of oncogenic HPV is not sufficient for malignant progression and that additional tumor-promoting steps are required. Recent studies have demonstrated that HPV-transformed cells actively promote chronic stromal inflammation and conspire with cells in the local microenvironment to promote carcinogenesis. This review highlights the complex interplay between HPV-infected cells and the local immune microenvironment during oncogenic HPV infection, persistence, and malignant progression, and discusses new prospects for diagnosis and immunotherapy of HPV-associated cancers. View Full-TextKeywords:
human papillomavirus; cervical cancer; skin cancer; epidermodysplasia verruciformis; immune evasion; chronic inflammation; IL-6; JAK-STAT3; immunotherapy; immunoscore
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Smola, S. Immunopathogenesis of HPV-Associated Cancers and Prospects for Immunotherapy. Viruses 2017, 9, 254.
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