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Article

Chloroquine, an Endocytosis Blocking Agent, Inhibits Zika Virus Infection in Different Cell Models

by
Rodrigo Delvecchio
1,†,
Luiza M. Higa
1,†,
Paula Pezzuto
1,†,
Ana Luiza Valadão
1,†,
Patrícia P. Garcez
2,3,
Fábio L. Monteiro
1,
Erick C. Loiola
3,
André A. Dias
4,
Fábio J. M. Silva
2,
Matthew T. Aliota
5,
Elizabeth A. Caine
5,
Jorge E. Osorio
5,
Maria Bellio
4,
David H. O’Connor
6,
Stevens Rehen
2,3,
Renato Santana De Aguiar
1,
Andrea Savarino
7,
Loraine Campanati
2,* and
Amilcar Tanuri
1,*
1
Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
2
Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
3
D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil
4
Department of Immunology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
5
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
6
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
7
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Deptartment of Infectious Diseases, 299 Viale Regina Elena, 00161 Rome, Italy
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Viruses 2016, 8(12), 322; https://doi.org/10.3390/v8120322
Submission received: 16 October 2016 / Revised: 16 November 2016 / Accepted: 18 November 2016 / Published: 29 November 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Flavivirus Research)
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Abstract

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in utero might lead to microcephaly and other congenital defects. Since no specific therapy is available thus far, there is an urgent need for the discovery of agents capable of inhibiting its viral replication and deleterious effects. Chloroquine is widely used as an antimalarial drug, anti-inflammatory agent, and it also shows antiviral activity against several viruses. Here we show that chloroquine exhibits antiviral activity against ZIKV in Vero cells, human brain microvascular endothelial cells, human neural stem cells, and mouse neurospheres. We demonstrate that chloroquine reduces the number of ZIKV-infected cells in vitro, and inhibits virus production and cell death promoted by ZIKV infection without cytotoxic effects. In addition, chloroquine treatment partially reveres morphological changes induced by ZIKV infection in mouse neurospheres.
Keywords: Zika virus; chloroquine; antiviral; microcephaly; neural stem cell Zika virus; chloroquine; antiviral; microcephaly; neural stem cell

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Delvecchio, R.; Higa, L.M.; Pezzuto, P.; Valadão, A.L.; Garcez, P.P.; Monteiro, F.L.; Loiola, E.C.; Dias, A.A.; Silva, F.J.M.; Aliota, M.T.; et al. Chloroquine, an Endocytosis Blocking Agent, Inhibits Zika Virus Infection in Different Cell Models. Viruses 2016, 8, 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8120322

AMA Style

Delvecchio R, Higa LM, Pezzuto P, Valadão AL, Garcez PP, Monteiro FL, Loiola EC, Dias AA, Silva FJM, Aliota MT, et al. Chloroquine, an Endocytosis Blocking Agent, Inhibits Zika Virus Infection in Different Cell Models. Viruses. 2016; 8(12):322. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8120322

Chicago/Turabian Style

Delvecchio, Rodrigo, Luiza M. Higa, Paula Pezzuto, Ana Luiza Valadão, Patrícia P. Garcez, Fábio L. Monteiro, Erick C. Loiola, André A. Dias, Fábio J. M. Silva, Matthew T. Aliota, and et al. 2016. "Chloroquine, an Endocytosis Blocking Agent, Inhibits Zika Virus Infection in Different Cell Models" Viruses 8, no. 12: 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8120322

APA Style

Delvecchio, R., Higa, L. M., Pezzuto, P., Valadão, A. L., Garcez, P. P., Monteiro, F. L., Loiola, E. C., Dias, A. A., Silva, F. J. M., Aliota, M. T., Caine, E. A., Osorio, J. E., Bellio, M., O’Connor, D. H., Rehen, S., De Aguiar, R. S., Savarino, A., Campanati, L., & Tanuri, A. (2016). Chloroquine, an Endocytosis Blocking Agent, Inhibits Zika Virus Infection in Different Cell Models. Viruses, 8(12), 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8120322

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