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Volume 14
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10.3390/v14061182
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Article

Comparative Evaluation of Three Commercial Quantitative Real-Time PCRs Used in Japan for Bovine Leukemia Virus

by
Syuji Yoneyama
1,
Sota Kobayashi
2,
Towa Matsunaga
3,
Kaoru Tonosaki
4,†,
Dongze Leng
1,
Yusuke Sakai
1,
Shinji Yamada
1,3,
Atsushi Kimura
3,
Toshihiro Ichijo
3,
Hirokazu Hikono
5 and
Kenji Murakami
1,3,*
1
Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
2
Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan
3
Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
4
Department of Plant Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
5
Department of Animal Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo 120-0045, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Current address: Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
Viruses 2022, 14(6), 1182; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061182
Submission received: 6 April 2022 / Revised: 25 May 2022 / Accepted: 26 May 2022 / Published: 28 May 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Veterinary Virology Research)
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Abstract

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is an oncogenic virus belonging to the genus Deltaretrovirus and is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis. Proviral load (PVL) determined by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is now widely used as an indicator of not only BLV infection, but also BLV disease progression. To interpret PVLs determined by different qPCRs used in Japan, we compared a chimeric cycling probe-based qPCR, CY415, targeting the BLV tax region; a TaqMan probe-based qPCR, RC202, targeting the BLV pol region; and a TaqMan probe-based qPCR, CoCoMo, targeting the BLV long terminal repeat (LTR) region. Whole-blood samples collected from 317 naturally BLV-infected cattle (165 Holstein–Friesian and 152 Japanese Black) and tumor tissue samples collected from 32 cattle at a meat inspection center were used. The PVLs determined by each qPCR were strongly correlated. However, the PVL and the proportion of BLV-infected cells determined by RC202 or CoCoMo were significantly higher than those determined by CY415. Genetic analysis of three tumor tissue samples revealed that LTR region mutations or a deletion affected the PVL determined by CoCoMo. These results suggest that the TaqMan-based RC202 or CoCoMo qPCR is better than CY415 for BLV PVL analysis. However, qPCR target region mutations were not rare in tumors and could hamper PVL analysis by using qPCR.
Keywords: bovine leukemia virus; BLV; commercial kit; provirus load; qPCR bovine leukemia virus; BLV; commercial kit; provirus load; qPCR

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yoneyama, S.; Kobayashi, S.; Matsunaga, T.; Tonosaki, K.; Leng, D.; Sakai, Y.; Yamada, S.; Kimura, A.; Ichijo, T.; Hikono, H.; et al. Comparative Evaluation of Three Commercial Quantitative Real-Time PCRs Used in Japan for Bovine Leukemia Virus. Viruses 2022, 14, 1182. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061182

AMA Style

Yoneyama S, Kobayashi S, Matsunaga T, Tonosaki K, Leng D, Sakai Y, Yamada S, Kimura A, Ichijo T, Hikono H, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Three Commercial Quantitative Real-Time PCRs Used in Japan for Bovine Leukemia Virus. Viruses. 2022; 14(6):1182. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061182

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yoneyama, Syuji, Sota Kobayashi, Towa Matsunaga, Kaoru Tonosaki, Dongze Leng, Yusuke Sakai, Shinji Yamada, Atsushi Kimura, Toshihiro Ichijo, Hirokazu Hikono, and et al. 2022. "Comparative Evaluation of Three Commercial Quantitative Real-Time PCRs Used in Japan for Bovine Leukemia Virus" Viruses 14, no. 6: 1182. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061182

APA Style

Yoneyama, S., Kobayashi, S., Matsunaga, T., Tonosaki, K., Leng, D., Sakai, Y., Yamada, S., Kimura, A., Ichijo, T., Hikono, H., & Murakami, K. (2022). Comparative Evaluation of Three Commercial Quantitative Real-Time PCRs Used in Japan for Bovine Leukemia Virus. Viruses, 14(6), 1182. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061182

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