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Volume 14
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10.3390/v14030487
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Article

Genetic Characteristics and Pathogenicity of a Novel Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus with a Naturally Occurring Truncated ORF3 Gene

by
Yuan-Hang Zhang
1,†,
Hong-Xuan Li
1,†,
Xi-Meng Chen
1,†,
Liu-Hui Zhang
1,
You-Yi Zhao
1,
Ai-Fang Luo
2,
Yu-Rong Yang
1,
Lan-Lan Zheng
1,* and
Hong-Ying Chen
1,*
1
Zhengzhou Major Pig Disease Prevention and Control Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake 15#, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2
Henan Houyi Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou Airport Economic Comprehensive Experimental Zone Jingang Avenue, Zhengzhou 451161, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Viruses 2022, 14(3), 487; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030487
Submission received: 27 January 2022 / Revised: 19 February 2022 / Accepted: 24 February 2022 / Published: 27 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic Veterinary Infectious Diseases)
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Abstract

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the major pathogen that causes diarrhea and high mortality in newborn piglets, with devastating impact on the pig industry. To further understand the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of PEDV field strains, in this study the complete genomes of four PEDV variants (HN2021, CH-HNYY-2018, CH-SXWS-2018, and CH-HNKF-2016) obtained from immunized pig farms in central China between 2016 to 2021 were characterized and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of the genome and S gene showed that the four strains identified in the present study had evolved into the subgroup G2a, but were distant from the vaccine strain CV777. Additionally, it was noteworthy that a new PEDV strain (named HN2021) belonging to the G2a PEDV subgroup was successfully isolated in vitro and it was further confirmed by RT-PCR that this isolate had a large natural deletion at 207–373 nt of the ORF3 gene, which has never been reported before. Particularly, in terms of pathogenicity evaluation, colostrum deprivation piglets challenged with PEDV HN2021 showed severe diarrhea and high mortality, confirming that PEDV HN2021 was a virulent strain. Hence, PEDV strain HN2021 of subgroup G2a presents a promising vaccine candidate for the control of recurring porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) in China. This study lays the foundation for better understanding of the genetic evolution and molecular pathogenesis of PEDV.
Keywords: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; truncated ORF3; molecular characteristics; pathogenicity; virulence porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; truncated ORF3; molecular characteristics; pathogenicity; virulence

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, Y.-H.; Li, H.-X.; Chen, X.-M.; Zhang, L.-H.; Zhao, Y.-Y.; Luo, A.-F.; Yang, Y.-R.; Zheng, L.-L.; Chen, H.-Y. Genetic Characteristics and Pathogenicity of a Novel Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus with a Naturally Occurring Truncated ORF3 Gene. Viruses 2022, 14, 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030487

AMA Style

Zhang Y-H, Li H-X, Chen X-M, Zhang L-H, Zhao Y-Y, Luo A-F, Yang Y-R, Zheng L-L, Chen H-Y. Genetic Characteristics and Pathogenicity of a Novel Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus with a Naturally Occurring Truncated ORF3 Gene. Viruses. 2022; 14(3):487. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030487

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Yuan-Hang, Hong-Xuan Li, Xi-Meng Chen, Liu-Hui Zhang, You-Yi Zhao, Ai-Fang Luo, Yu-Rong Yang, Lan-Lan Zheng, and Hong-Ying Chen. 2022. "Genetic Characteristics and Pathogenicity of a Novel Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus with a Naturally Occurring Truncated ORF3 Gene" Viruses 14, no. 3: 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030487

APA Style

Zhang, Y.-H., Li, H.-X., Chen, X.-M., Zhang, L.-H., Zhao, Y.-Y., Luo, A.-F., Yang, Y.-R., Zheng, L.-L., & Chen, H.-Y. (2022). Genetic Characteristics and Pathogenicity of a Novel Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus with a Naturally Occurring Truncated ORF3 Gene. Viruses, 14(3), 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14030487

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