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Article

Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus Strains in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children in Manhiça District, Southern Mozambique 2008–2019

by
Filomena Manjate
1,2,*,
Eva D. João
1,
Percina Chirinda
1,
Marcelino Garrine
1,2,
Delfino Vubil
1,
Nélio Nobela
1,
Karen Kotloff
3,
James P. Nataro
4,
Tacilta Nhampossa
1,5,
Sozinho Acácio
1,5,
Jacqueline E. Tate
6,
Umesh Parashar
6,
Jason M. Mwenda
7,
Pedro L. Alonso
1,8,9,
Martin Nyaga
10,
Celso Cunha
2 and
Inácio Mandomando
1,5,*
1
Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo 1929, Mozambique
2
Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
3
Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
4
Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
5
Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Marracuene 1120, Mozambique
6
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
7
African Rotavirus Surveillance Network, Immunization, Vaccines and Development Program, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville P.O. Box 2465, Congo
8
ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
9
Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
10
Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2022, 14(1), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/v14010134
Submission received: 1 December 2021 / Revised: 4 January 2022 / Accepted: 7 January 2022 / Published: 12 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic Infectious Diseases)
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Abstract

Group A rotaviruses remain the leading cause of diarrhoea in children aged <5 years. Mozambique introduced rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix®) in September 2015. We report rotavirus genotypes circulating among symptomatic and asymptomatic children in Manhiça District, Mozambique, pre- and post-vaccine introduction. Stool was collected from enrolled children and screened for rotavirus by enzyme-immuno-sorbent assay. Positive specimens were genotyped for VP7 (G genotypes) and VP4 (P genotypes) by the conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The combination G12P[8] was more frequently observed in pre-vaccine than in post-vaccine introduction, in moderate to severe diarrhoea (34%, 61/177 vs. 0, p < 0.0001) and controls (23%, 26/113 vs. 0, p = 0.0013) and mixed genotypes (36%, 24/67 vs. 7% 4/58, p = 0.0003) in less severe diarrhoea. We observed changes in post-vaccine compared to pre-vaccine introduction, where G3P[4] and G3P[8] were prevalent in moderate to severe diarrhoea (10%, 5/49 vs. 0, p = 0.0002; and 14%, 7/49 vs. 1%, 1/177, p < 0.0001; respectively), and in less severe diarrhoea (21%, 12/58 vs. 0, p = 0.003; and 24%, 14/58 vs. 0, p < 0.0001; respectively). Our surveillance demonstrated the circulation of similar genotypes contemporaneously among cases and controls, as well as switching from pre- to post-vaccine introduction. Continuous surveillance is needed to evaluate the dynamics of the changes in genotypes following vaccine introduction.
Keywords: rotavirus A; genotypes; case-control study; Mozambique rotavirus A; genotypes; case-control study; Mozambique

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MDPI and ACS Style

Manjate, F.; João, E.D.; Chirinda, P.; Garrine, M.; Vubil, D.; Nobela, N.; Kotloff, K.; Nataro, J.P.; Nhampossa, T.; Acácio, S.; et al. Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus Strains in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children in Manhiça District, Southern Mozambique 2008–2019. Viruses 2022, 14, 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14010134

AMA Style

Manjate F, João ED, Chirinda P, Garrine M, Vubil D, Nobela N, Kotloff K, Nataro JP, Nhampossa T, Acácio S, et al. Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus Strains in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children in Manhiça District, Southern Mozambique 2008–2019. Viruses. 2022; 14(1):134. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14010134

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manjate, Filomena, Eva D. João, Percina Chirinda, Marcelino Garrine, Delfino Vubil, Nélio Nobela, Karen Kotloff, James P. Nataro, Tacilta Nhampossa, Sozinho Acácio, and et al. 2022. "Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus Strains in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children in Manhiça District, Southern Mozambique 2008–2019" Viruses 14, no. 1: 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14010134

APA Style

Manjate, F., João, E. D., Chirinda, P., Garrine, M., Vubil, D., Nobela, N., Kotloff, K., Nataro, J. P., Nhampossa, T., Acácio, S., Tate, J. E., Parashar, U., Mwenda, J. M., Alonso, P. L., Nyaga, M., Cunha, C., & Mandomando, I. (2022). Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus Strains in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children in Manhiça District, Southern Mozambique 2008–2019. Viruses, 14(1), 134. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14010134

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