The Paradoxes of Viral mRNA Translation during Mammalian Orthoreovirus Infection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Reovirus mRNA Structure and Stability
3. Challenges for Viral Translation Early in Infection
4. Reovirus and the Integrated Stress Response (ISR)
5. Compartmentalization of Translation
6. Role of PKR and RNase L in Translation Suppression
7. Viral Proteins that Associate with Ribosomes/Polysomes
8. Concluding Remarks
- ○
- What types of RNP granules or RNP granules combinations are formed at early stages after infection, and what function do RNP granules have during viral infection?
- ○
- Are early viral mRNAs translated within RNP granules?
- ○
- What is the mechanism by which reoviruses disrupt SGs/RNP granules?
- ○
- How does σ3 regulate reovirus translation?
- ○
- What is the functional significance of the nuclear localization of σ3?
- ○
- Are uncapped viral mRNAs synthesized late in infection, and if so, how does σ3 promote their translation?
- ○
- How does the activation of the ISR and PKR or RNase L benefit viral replication?
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Genome Segment | mRNA | 5′-UTR and 3′-UTR Length | Viral Proteins |
---|---|---|---|
L1 | l1 | 24 nt and 35 nt | λ3 (viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) |
L2 | l2 | 13 nt and 36 nt | λ2 (core structural) |
L3 | l3 | 13 nt and 63 nt | λ1 (core structural) |
M1 | m1 | 13 nt and 83 nt | μ2 (polymerase cofactor; microtubule-binding) |
M2 | m2 | 29 nt and 50 nt | μ1 (outer-capsid structural) |
M3 | m3 | 18 nt and 60 nt | μNS (nonstructural; viral factory matrix) μNSC (nonstructural) |
S1 | s1 | 12 nt and 39 nt | σ1 (outer-capsid structural protein; attachment) σ1s (nonstructural) |
S2 | s2 | 18 nt and 59 nt | σ2 (core structural) |
S3 | s3 | 27 nt and 73 nt | σNS (nonstructural; single-stranded RNA binding) |
S4 | s4 | 32 nt and 69 nt | σ3 (outer-capsid structural; dsRNA-binding) |
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Guo, Y.; Parker, J.S.L. The Paradoxes of Viral mRNA Translation during Mammalian Orthoreovirus Infection. Viruses 2021, 13, 275. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020275
Guo Y, Parker JSL. The Paradoxes of Viral mRNA Translation during Mammalian Orthoreovirus Infection. Viruses. 2021; 13(2):275. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020275
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Yingying, and John S. L. Parker. 2021. "The Paradoxes of Viral mRNA Translation during Mammalian Orthoreovirus Infection" Viruses 13, no. 2: 275. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020275