Genomic Evidence for Sequestration of Influenza A Virus Lineages in Sea Duck Host Species
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. IAV Surveillance
3.2. Phylogenetic Analyses
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | State | Total | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DE | IL | MD | MI | MO | MS | OH | TN | WI | ||
Black Scoter | 45(6) | 1 | 46(6) | |||||||
Bufflehead | 6 | 21(3) | 44 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 6 | 64(8) | 158(11) | |
Common goldeneye | 8(1) | 5 | 616(45) | 629(46) | ||||||
Common merganser | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 20 | 25 | ||||
Hooded merganser | 5 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 14 | 14 | 1 | 20 | 73 |
Long-tailed duck | 42 | 60 | 485(8) | 587(8) | ||||||
Red breasted merganser | 3 | 1 | 12(1) | 16(1) | ||||||
Surf scoter | 1 | 92(5) | 2 | 95(5) | ||||||
White-winged scoter | 10 | 23 | 33 | |||||||
Total | 12 | 32(3) | 239(11) | 77(1) | 2 | 16 | 34 | 7 | 1243(62) | 1662(77) |
HA Subtype | NA Subtype | Total | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Mixed (4,6) | Mixed (3,8) | Mixed (7,8) | ||
1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||
2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||
3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||||||||
4 | 2 | 2 | 30 | 34 | |||||||||
6 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||
7 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 8 | ||||||||
10 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 11 | |||||||
11 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||
12 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||
Mixed (4,11) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Mixed (4,10) | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Total | 9 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 31 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 74 |
Strain | PB2 | PA | HA | MP | NS |
A/Bufflehead/Wisconsin/17OS5831/2017 | |||||
A/Bufflehead/Wisconsin/18OS2095/2018 | |||||
A/Bufflehead/Wisconsin/18OS3156/2018 | |||||
A/Bufflehead/Wisconsin/18OS3297/2018 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/18OS3395/2018 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/16OS3988/2016 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/16OS4100/2016 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/16OS4144/2016 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/16OS4147/2016 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/16OS4242/2016 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/16OS4246/2016 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/17OS5299/2017 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/17OS5560/2017 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/17OS5666/2017 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/17OS5750/2017 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/17OS5804/2017 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/18O2145/2018 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/18OS2943/2018 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/18OS2946/2018 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/18OS2949/2018 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/18OS2961/2018 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/18OS2962/2018 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/18OS3096/2018 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/18OS3120/2018 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/18OS3144/2018 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/18OS3176/2018 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/18OS3210/2018 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/18OS3315/2018 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/18OS3317/2018 | |||||
A/Common goldeneye/Wisconsin/18OS3389/2018 | |||||
A/Hooded merganser/Wisconsin/17OS5556/2017 | |||||
A/Long-tailed duck/Wisconsin/16OS4707/2016 | |||||
A/Long-tailed duck/Wisconsin/18OS2983/2018 | |||||
A/Long-tailed duck/Wisconsin/18OS2996/2018 | |||||
A/Surf scoter/Maryland/15OS2532/2015 |
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McBride, D.S.; Lauterbach, S.E.; Li, Y.-T.; Smith, G.J.D.; Killian, M.L.; Nolting, J.M.; Su, Y.C.F.; Bowman, A.S. Genomic Evidence for Sequestration of Influenza A Virus Lineages in Sea Duck Host Species. Viruses 2021, 13, 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020172
McBride DS, Lauterbach SE, Li Y-T, Smith GJD, Killian ML, Nolting JM, Su YCF, Bowman AS. Genomic Evidence for Sequestration of Influenza A Virus Lineages in Sea Duck Host Species. Viruses. 2021; 13(2):172. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020172
Chicago/Turabian StyleMcBride, Dillon S., Sarah E. Lauterbach, Yao-Tsun Li, Gavin J. D. Smith, Mary Lea Killian, Jacqueline M. Nolting, Yvonne C. F. Su, and Andrew S. Bowman. 2021. "Genomic Evidence for Sequestration of Influenza A Virus Lineages in Sea Duck Host Species" Viruses 13, no. 2: 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020172
APA StyleMcBride, D. S., Lauterbach, S. E., Li, Y.-T., Smith, G. J. D., Killian, M. L., Nolting, J. M., Su, Y. C. F., & Bowman, A. S. (2021). Genomic Evidence for Sequestration of Influenza A Virus Lineages in Sea Duck Host Species. Viruses, 13(2), 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020172