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Article

Selective Blockade of TNFR1 Improves Clinical Disease and Bronchoconstriction in Experimental RSV Infection

1
Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology and Infectious Disease (CEIID), Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2020, 12(10), 1176; https://doi.org/10.3390/v12101176
Submission received: 29 May 2020 / Revised: 14 October 2020 / Accepted: 15 October 2020 / Published: 17 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From RSV to hMPV: Role of Innate Immunity in Pathogenesis)

Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis in infants and young children. Although some clinical studies have speculated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a major contributor of RSV-mediated airway disease, experimental evidence remains unclear or conflicting. TNF-α initiates inflammation and cell death through two distinct receptors: TNF-receptor (TNFR)1 and TNFR2. Here we delineate the function of TNF-α by short-lasting blockade of either receptor in an experimental BALB/c mouse model of RSV infection. We demonstrate that antibody-mediated blockade of TNFR1, but not TNFR2, results in significantly improved clinical disease and bronchoconstriction as well as significant reductions of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, Ccl3, Ccl4, and Ccl5. Additionally, TNFR1 blockade was found to significantly reduce neutrophil number and activation status, consistent with the concomitant reduction of pro-neutrophilic chemokines Cxcl1 and Cxcl2. Similar protective activity was also observed when a single-dose of TNFR1 blockade was administered to mice following RSV inoculation, although this treatment resulted in improved alveolar macrophage survival rather than reduced neutrophil activation. Importantly, short-lasting blockade of TNFR1 did not affect RSV peak replication in the lung. This study suggests a potential therapeutic approach for RSV bronchiolitis based on selective blockade of TNFR1.
Keywords: tumor necrosis factor; TNF; TNFR1; TNFR2; respiratory syncytial virus; RSV; bronchiolitis; bronchoconstriction; neutrophils; macrophages; BALF tumor necrosis factor; TNF; TNFR1; TNFR2; respiratory syncytial virus; RSV; bronchiolitis; bronchoconstriction; neutrophils; macrophages; BALF
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MDPI and ACS Style

Morris, D.R.; Ansar, M.; Ivanciuc, T.; Qu, Y.; Casola, A.; Garofalo, R.P. Selective Blockade of TNFR1 Improves Clinical Disease and Bronchoconstriction in Experimental RSV Infection. Viruses 2020, 12, 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12101176

AMA Style

Morris DR, Ansar M, Ivanciuc T, Qu Y, Casola A, Garofalo RP. Selective Blockade of TNFR1 Improves Clinical Disease and Bronchoconstriction in Experimental RSV Infection. Viruses. 2020; 12(10):1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12101176

Chicago/Turabian Style

Morris, Dorothea R., Maria Ansar, Teodora Ivanciuc, Yue Qu, Antonella Casola, and Roberto P. Garofalo. 2020. "Selective Blockade of TNFR1 Improves Clinical Disease and Bronchoconstriction in Experimental RSV Infection" Viruses 12, no. 10: 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12101176

APA Style

Morris, D. R., Ansar, M., Ivanciuc, T., Qu, Y., Casola, A., & Garofalo, R. P. (2020). Selective Blockade of TNFR1 Improves Clinical Disease and Bronchoconstriction in Experimental RSV Infection. Viruses, 12(10), 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12101176

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