The Oxysterol 25-Hydroxycholesterol Inhibits Replication of Murine Norovirus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents
2.2. Cell Lines and Viruses
2.3. Assessment of Cell Viability
2.4. MNV Dose–Response Curves
2.5. Single Cycle Growth Analysis
2.6. Fluorescent Focus Assay
2.7. Time-of-Addition Assays
2.8. Measuring Caspase 3/7 Activity
2.9. Measuring HSV-1–GFP Replication
2.10. Cytotoxicity of MNV in the Presence of Oxysterols
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. 25-HC Reduced MNV Titer in a Single-Cycle Growth Curve
3.2. Pre-Treatment with 25-HC Prior to Virus Infection Reduced MNV Replication
3.3. 25-HC Stimulates Caspase Activation and Cell Death in MNV-Infected Cells
3.4. 25-HC Inhibits HSV-1 Replication in RAW264.7 Macrophages
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Shawli, G.T.; Adeyemi, O.O.; Stonehouse, N.J.; Herod, M.R. The Oxysterol 25-Hydroxycholesterol Inhibits Replication of Murine Norovirus. Viruses 2019, 11, 97. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11020097
Shawli GT, Adeyemi OO, Stonehouse NJ, Herod MR. The Oxysterol 25-Hydroxycholesterol Inhibits Replication of Murine Norovirus. Viruses. 2019; 11(2):97. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11020097
Chicago/Turabian StyleShawli, Ghada T., Oluwapelumi O. Adeyemi, Nicola J. Stonehouse, and Morgan R. Herod. 2019. "The Oxysterol 25-Hydroxycholesterol Inhibits Replication of Murine Norovirus" Viruses 11, no. 2: 97. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11020097