Simian Foamy Viruses in Central and South America: A New World of Discovery
by
André F. Santos 1
, Liliane T. F. Cavalcante 1, Cláudia P. Muniz 1, William M. Switzer 2 and Marcelo A. Soares 1,3,*
André F. Santos 1, Liliane T. F. Cavalcante 1, Cláudia P. Muniz 1, William M. Switzer 2 and Marcelo A. Soares 1,3,*
1
Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil
2
Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
3
Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Riod e Janeiro, RJ 20231-050, RJ, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Viruses 2019, 11(10), 967; https://doi.org/10.3390/v11100967
Received: 30 September 2019 / Revised: 17 October 2019 / Accepted: 18 October 2019 / Published: 20 October 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spumaretroviruses)
Foamy viruses (FVs) are the only exogenous retrovirus to date known to infect neotropical primates (NPs). In the last decade, an increasing number of strains have been completely or partially sequenced, and molecular evolution analyses have identified an ancient co-speciation with their hosts. In this review, the improvement of diagnostic techniques that allowed the determination of a more accurate prevalence of simian FVs (SFVs) in captive and free-living NPs is discussed. Determination of DNA viral load in American primates indicates that oral tissues are the viral replicative site and that buccal swab collection can be an alternative to diagnose SFV infection in NPs. Finally, the transmission potential of NP SFVs to primate workers in zoos and primate centers of the Americas is examined.
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Keywords:
spumaretrovirus; new world primates; simian retrovirus
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Santos, A.F.; Cavalcante, L.T.F.; Muniz, C.P.; Switzer, W.M.; Soares, M.A. Simian Foamy Viruses in Central and South America: A New World of Discovery. Viruses 2019, 11, 967.
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