Eco-Epidemiological Profile and Molecular Characterization of Simian Foamy Virus in a Recently-Captured Invasive Population of Leontopithecus chrysomelas (Golden-Headed Lion Tamarin) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population and Ethics Statement
2.2. Sample Collection, Processing and Confirmation of Genomic DNA Integrity
2.3. Detection and Quantification of SFV
2.4. Amplification of a Larger SFV Fragment from the Cebidae Family
2.5. Sequence Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analyses
2.7. Data Availability
3. Results
3.1. Population Profile
3.2. SFV Molecular Detection and Quantification
3.3. Phylogenetic Analysis and Similarity of SFV from L. Chrysomelas
3.4. Evaluation of SFV Transmission among Groups of L. chrysomelas
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | N (%) | qPCR+/cPCR+ | qPCR+/cPCR- | qPCR-/cPCR+ | qPCR-/cPCR- | SFV Prevalence (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 92 | 11 (12%) | 17 (18.5%) | 4 (4,3%) | 73 (58%) | 32/92 (34.8%) |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 52 (56.5%) | 6 (11.5%) | 8 (15.3%) | 2 (4%) | 36 (66.2%) | 16/61 (30.7%) |
Female | 40 (43.5%) | 5 (12.5%) | 9 (22.5%) | 2 (5%) | 24 (60%) | 16/40 (40%) |
Sexual maturation | ||||||
Infants | 15 (16%) | 1 (6.7%) | 3 (20%) | 2 (13.3%) | 9 (60%) | 6/15 (40%) |
Juveniles | 32 (35%) | 3 (9.4%) | 7 (22%) | 1 (3%) | 21 (65.6%) | 11/32 (34.4%) |
Adults | 45 (49%) | 7 (15.5%) | 7 (15.5%) | 1 (2.2%) | 30 (66.7%) | 15/45 (33.3%) |
1–6 Months | 7–14 Months | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||
Male | 7/35 (20%) | 8/17 (47%) | 0.043 |
Female | 9/28 (32%) | 8/12 (67%) | 0.042 |
Sexual Maturity | |||
Infants | 4/12 (33%) | 2/3 (67%) | 0.525 |
Juveniles | 4/19 (21%) | 7/13 (54%) | 0.055 |
Adults | 8/32 (25%) | 7/13 (54%) | 0.062 |
Total | 16/63(25%) | 16/29 (55%) | 0.005 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.210 SFVlcm-1 | ||||||||||||
2.385 SFVlcm-1 | 0.000 | |||||||||||
3.439 SFVlcm-1 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||||||||
4.447 SFVlcm-1 | 0.012 | 0.012 | 0.012 | |||||||||
5.502 SFVlcm-1 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.012 | ||||||||
6.503 SFVlcm-1 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.015 | 0.004 | |||||||
7.511 SFVlcm-1 | 0.023 | 0.023 | 0.023 | 0.027 | 0.023 | 0.027 | ||||||
8.1992 SFVlcm-1 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.011 | 0.015 | 0.011 | 0.015 | 0.035 | |||||
9.780 SFVlcm-2_CP1 | 0.116 | 0.116 | 0.116 | 0.107 | 0.116 | 0.121 | 0.106 | 0.103 | ||||
10.780 SFVlcm-2_CP2 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.125 | 0.116 | 0.125 | 0.130 | 0.120 | 0.121 | 0.039 | |||
11.786 SFVlcm-2 | 0.116 | 0.116 | 0.116 | 0.107 | 0.116 | 0.121 | 0.106 | 0.103 | 0.000 | 0.039 | ||
12.SFVsxa | 0.090 | 0.090 | 0.090 | 0.077 | 0.090 | 0.094 | 0.076 | 0.077 | 0.051 | 0.081 | 0.051 | |
13.SFVcja | 0.090 | 0.090 | 0.090 | 0.090 | 0.090 | 0.094 | 0.085 | 0.081 | 0.064 | 0.094 | 0.064 | 0.039 |
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S. Miranda, T.; Muniz, C.P.; B. Moreira, S.; G. Bueno, M.; Kierulff, M.C.M.; V. Molina, C.; Catão-Dias, J.L.; Pissinatti, A.; A. Soares, M.; Santos, A.F. Eco-Epidemiological Profile and Molecular Characterization of Simian Foamy Virus in a Recently-Captured Invasive Population of Leontopithecus chrysomelas (Golden-Headed Lion Tamarin) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Viruses 2019, 11, 931. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11100931
S. Miranda T, Muniz CP, B. Moreira S, G. Bueno M, Kierulff MCM, V. Molina C, Catão-Dias JL, Pissinatti A, A. Soares M, Santos AF. Eco-Epidemiological Profile and Molecular Characterization of Simian Foamy Virus in a Recently-Captured Invasive Population of Leontopithecus chrysomelas (Golden-Headed Lion Tamarin) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Viruses. 2019; 11(10):931. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11100931
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Miranda, Thamiris, Cláudia P. Muniz, Silvia B. Moreira, Marina G. Bueno, Maria Cecília M. Kierulff, Camila V. Molina, José L. Catão-Dias, Alcides Pissinatti, Marcelo A. Soares, and André F. Santos. 2019. "Eco-Epidemiological Profile and Molecular Characterization of Simian Foamy Virus in a Recently-Captured Invasive Population of Leontopithecus chrysomelas (Golden-Headed Lion Tamarin) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil" Viruses 11, no. 10: 931. https://doi.org/10.3390/v11100931