Analysis of 19 Highly Conserved Vibrio cholerae Bacteriophages Isolated from Environmental and Patient Sources Over a Twelve-Year Period

Angermeyer, Angus; Das, Moon Moon; Singh, Durg Vijai; Seed, Kimberley D.

doi:10.3390/v10060299

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Analysis of 19 Highly Conserved Vibrio cholerae Bacteriophages Isolated from Environmental and Patient Sources Over a Twelve-Year Period

and

^1,3,*

Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar 751023, India

Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Viruses 2018, 10(6), 299; https://doi.org/10.3390/v10060299

Received: 1 May 2018 / Revised: 23 May 2018 / Accepted: 30 May 2018 / Published: 1 June 2018

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bacteriophage Genomes and Genomics: News from the Wild)

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Abstract

The Vibrio cholerae biotype “El Tor” is responsible for all of the current epidemic and endemic cholera outbreaks worldwide. These outbreaks are clonal, and it is hypothesized that they originate from the coastal areas near the Bay of Bengal, where the lytic bacteriophage ICP1 (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh cholera phage 1) specifically preys upon these pathogenic outbreak strains. ICP1 has also been the dominant bacteriophage found in cholera patient stools since 2001. However, little is known about the genomic differences between the ICP1 strains that have been collected over time. Here, we elucidate the pan-genome and the phylogeny of the ICP1 strains by aligning, annotating, and analyzing the genomes of 19 distinct isolates that were collected between 2001 and 2012. Our results reveal that the ICP1 isolates are highly conserved and possess a large core-genome as well as a smaller, somewhat flexible accessory-genome. Despite its overall conservation, ICP1 strains have managed to acquire a number of unknown genes, as well as a CRISPR-Cas system which is known to be critical for its ongoing struggle for co-evolutionary dominance over its host. This study describes a foundation on which to construct future molecular and bioinformatic studies of these V. cholerae-associated bacteriophages. View Full-Text

Keywords: cholera; bacteriophage; Vibrio cholerae; pan-genome; myovirus; phylogenetics; vibrio phage

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MDPI and ACS Style

Angermeyer, A.; Das, M.M.; Singh, D.V.; Seed, K.D. Analysis of 19 Highly Conserved Vibrio cholerae Bacteriophages Isolated from Environmental and Patient Sources Over a Twelve-Year Period. Viruses 2018, 10, 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10060299

AMA Style

Angermeyer A, Das MM, Singh DV, Seed KD. Analysis of 19 Highly Conserved Vibrio cholerae Bacteriophages Isolated from Environmental and Patient Sources Over a Twelve-Year Period. Viruses. 2018; 10(6):299. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10060299

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angermeyer, Angus, Moon M. Das, Durg V. Singh, and Kimberley D. Seed. 2018. "Analysis of 19 Highly Conserved Vibrio cholerae Bacteriophages Isolated from Environmental and Patient Sources Over a Twelve-Year Period" Viruses 10, no. 6: 299. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10060299

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Analysis of 19 Highly Conserved Vibrio cholerae Bacteriophages Isolated from Environmental and Patient Sources Over a Twelve-Year Period

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