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Viruses
Volume 10
Issue 4
10.3390/v10040141
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Review

Conflict in the Intracellular Lives of Endosymbionts and Viruses: A Mechanistic Look at Wolbachia-Mediated Pathogen-blocking

by
Amelia R. I. Lindsey
†,
Tamanash Bhattacharya
†,
Irene L. G. Newton
* and
Richard W. Hardy
*
Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Viruses 2018, 10(4), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040141
Received: 28 February 2018 / Revised: 14 March 2018 / Accepted: 20 March 2018 / Published: 21 March 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antiviral Defense in Invertebrates)
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Abstract

At the forefront of vector control efforts are strategies that leverage host-microbe associations to reduce vectorial capacity. The most promising of these efforts employs Wolbachia, a maternally transmitted endosymbiotic bacterium naturally found in 40% of insects. Wolbachia can spread through a population of insects while simultaneously inhibiting the replication of viruses within its host. Despite successes in using Wolbachia-transfected mosquitoes to limit dengue, Zika, and chikungunya transmission, the mechanisms behind pathogen-blocking have not been fully characterized. Firstly, we discuss how Wolbachia and viruses both require specific host-derived structures, compounds, and processes to initiate and maintain infection. There is significant overlap in these requirements, and infection with either microbe often manifests as cellular stress, which may be a key component of Wolbachia’s anti-viral effect. Secondly, we discuss the current understanding of pathogen-blocking through this lens of cellular stress and develop a comprehensive view of how the lives of Wolbachia and viruses are fundamentally in conflict with each other. A thorough understanding of the genetic and cellular determinants of pathogen-blocking will significantly enhance the ability of vector control programs to deploy and maintain effective Wolbachia-mediated control measures. View Full-Text
Keywords: vector control; antiviral; symbiosis; endosymbiont; arbovirus; Drosophila; Aedes vector control; antiviral; symbiosis; endosymbiont; arbovirus; Drosophila; Aedes
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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MDPI and ACS Style

Lindsey, A.R.I.; Bhattacharya, T.; Newton, I.L.G.; Hardy, R.W. Conflict in the Intracellular Lives of Endosymbionts and Viruses: A Mechanistic Look at Wolbachia-Mediated Pathogen-blocking. Viruses 2018, 10, 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040141

AMA Style

Lindsey ARI, Bhattacharya T, Newton ILG, Hardy RW. Conflict in the Intracellular Lives of Endosymbionts and Viruses: A Mechanistic Look at Wolbachia-Mediated Pathogen-blocking. Viruses. 2018; 10(4):141. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040141

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lindsey, Amelia R. I., Tamanash Bhattacharya, Irene L. G. Newton, and Richard W. Hardy. 2018. "Conflict in the Intracellular Lives of Endosymbionts and Viruses: A Mechanistic Look at Wolbachia-Mediated Pathogen-blocking" Viruses 10, no. 4: 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10040141

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