Non-Uniform and Non-Random Binding of Nucleoprotein to Influenza A and B Viral RNA
1
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA
2
Center for Evolutionary Biology and Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15217, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Luis Martinez-Sobrido
Viruses 2018, 10(10), 522; https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100522
Received: 15 August 2018 / Revised: 17 September 2018 / Accepted: 22 September 2018 / Published: 25 September 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue What’s New with Flu?)
The genomes of influenza A and B viruses have eight, single-stranded RNA segments that exist in the form of a viral ribonucleoprotein complex in association with nucleoprotein (NP) and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex. We previously used high-throughput RNA sequencing coupled with crosslinking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP) to examine where NP binds to the viral RNA (vRNA) and demonstrated for two H1N1 strains that NP binds vRNA in a non-uniform, non-random manner. In this study, we expand on those initial observations and describe the NP-vRNA binding profile for a seasonal H3N2 and influenza B virus. We show that, similar to H1N1 strains, NP binds vRNA in a non-uniform and non-random manner. Each viral gene segment has a unique NP binding profile with areas that are enriched for NP association as well as free of NP-binding. Interestingly, NP-vRNA binding profiles have some conservation between influenza A viruses, H1N1 and H3N2, but no correlation was observed between influenza A and B viruses. Our study demonstrates the conserved nature of non-uniform NP binding within influenza viruses. Mapping of the NP-bound vRNA segments provides information on the flexible NP regions that may be involved in facilitating assembly.
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Keywords:
influenza virus; nucleoprotein; viral RNA; HITS-CLIP; viral ribonucleoprotein
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MDPI and ACS Style
Le Sage, V.; Nanni, A.V.; Bhagwat, A.R.; Snyder, D.J.; Cooper, V.S.; Lakdawala, S.S.; Lee, N. Non-Uniform and Non-Random Binding of Nucleoprotein to Influenza A and B Viral RNA. Viruses 2018, 10, 522. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100522
AMA Style
Le Sage V, Nanni AV, Bhagwat AR, Snyder DJ, Cooper VS, Lakdawala SS, Lee N. Non-Uniform and Non-Random Binding of Nucleoprotein to Influenza A and B Viral RNA. Viruses. 2018; 10(10):522. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100522
Chicago/Turabian StyleLe Sage, Valerie, Adalena V. Nanni, Amar R. Bhagwat, Dan J. Snyder, Vaughn S. Cooper, Seema S. Lakdawala, and Nara Lee. 2018. "Non-Uniform and Non-Random Binding of Nucleoprotein to Influenza A and B Viral RNA" Viruses 10, no. 10: 522. https://doi.org/10.3390/v10100522
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