Tree-Ring Stable Oxygen Isotope Ratio (δ18O) Records Precipitation Changes over the past Century in the Central Part of Eastern China
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Region and Sampling Site
2.2. Tree-Ring δ18O Measurement
2.3. Meteorological Data
2.4. Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Tree-Ring δ18O Chronology
3.2. Responses of Tree-Ring δ18O to Climate
3.3. YMMs Precipitation Reconstruction
3.4. YMMs Precipitation Changes over the Past 124 Years
3.5. Spatial Representativeness of the Reconstructed Precipitation
3.6. Comparisons between YMMs Tree-Ring δ18O Series and Other δ18O Records
3.7. Possible Driving Mechanism of the YMMs Precipitation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Statistical Parameters | YS1-12B | YS2-24A | YS2-02B | YS1-22A | YS2-08A | Composite |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length (years) * | 89 | 102 | 103 | 108 | 102 | 124 |
Start year | 1916 | 1917 | 1916 | 1896 | 1917 | 1896 |
End year | 2008 | 2019 | 2019 | 2007 | 2019 | 2019 |
Maximum value (‰) | 32.72 | 31.19 | 32.65 | 30.66 | 34.81 | 32.23 |
Minimum value (‰) | 26.42 | 24.27 | 25.79 | 24.42 | 24.73 | 26.01 |
Mean value (‰) | 29.22 | 27.91 | 28.98 | 28.20 | 29.32 | 28.67 |
AR1 | 0.16 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 0.13 | 0.20 |
Standard deviation (‰) | 1.34 | 1.37 | 1.32 | 1.11 | 1.49 | 1.07 |
Skewness | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.34 | 1.58 | 0.37 |
Kurtosis | 0.23 | −0.15 | 0.18 | −0.30 | 0.34 | 0.18 |
YS1-12B | YS2-24A | YS2-02B | YS1-22A | |
---|---|---|---|---|
YS2-24A | 0.753, 88 | |||
YS2-02B | 0.550, 88 | 0.419, 101 | ||
YS1-22A | 0.708, 83 | 0.745, 86 | 0.418, 87 | |
YS2-08A | 0.506, 87 | 0.410, 100 | 0.575, 100 | 0.531, 83 |
Calibration | Verification | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Period | r | R2 | ST | Period | r | R2 | RE | CE | ST |
1960–1989 | 0.645 ** | 0.416 | 23 ** | 1990–2016 | 0.654 ** | 0.428 | 0.236 | 0.226 | 18 |
1987–2016 | 0.676 ** | 0.457 | 22 * | 1960–1986 | 0.598 ** | 0.358 | 0.310 | 0.242 | 21 ** |
1960–2016 | 0.625 ** | 0.391 | 40 ** |
Wet Years | Documentary Records | Precipitation (mm) | Dry Years | Documentary Records | Precipitation(mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1898 | NA * | 833.8 | 1902 | NA | 601.5 |
1899 | NA | 822.1 | 1920 | NA | 562.0 |
1900 | Heavy rain in Linyi damaged crops. | 844.1 | 1925 | No rain from March to middle of July in Juxian County. | 605.1 |
1911 | Floods caused disasters in six counties of Linyi. | 805.4 | 1928 | Severe drought hit Linyi, resulting in an average crop loss of 30%. | 609.2 |
1912 | NA | 822.1 | 1929 | NA | 547.6 |
1916 | Linyi suffered from heavy rains, which reduced crop yields. | 813.1 | 1936 | NA | 596.9 |
1932 | Heavy rain in Linyi led to flash floods breaking out. | 827.6 | 1938 | NA | 592.3 |
1939 | NA | 803.8 | 1942 | Feinan and Feibei Counties were hit by drought, with rivers drying up and crops dying. | 557.1 |
1955 | River banks burst in Juxian County after heavy rains, injuring people. | 923.6 | 1943 | Tancheng County experienced severe drought. | 532.4 |
1957 | Linyi was subjected to persistent heavy rains and concentrated rains, causing flash floods. | 808.1 | 1944 | Linyi experienced severe drought, with almost six months of little to no rainfall, resulting in near-total crop failure. | 602.3 |
1964 | Linyi experienced floods due to excessive rainfall. | 902.4 | 1945 | NA | 580.7 |
1965 | Feixian County was soaked by heavy rains, flash floods broke out, and rivers overflowed. | 802.9 | 1969 | Mengyin and Yiyuan Counties experienced severe drought, resulting in a reduction of over 30% in crop yields. | 577.6 |
1971 | Linyi experienced summer floods. | 803.5 | 1981 | 300,000 people in Linyi had difficulty accessing drinking water due to drought. | 616.2 |
1972 | NA | 856.1 | 1989 | There was an unprecedented drought in Linyi, with rivers drying up and groundwater levels declining. | 613.7 |
1990 | Heavy rains in Linyi caused reservoirs to overflow and river floods to surge. | 820.4 | 1992 | Linyi suffered from severe drought, unprecedented in nearly a century, leading to the drying up of rivers. | 421.0 |
1991 | Linyi suffered the largest rainstorm since 1974, causing massive economic losses. | 829.0 | 2000 | 57% of the arable land in Linyi encountered severe drought. | 609.2 |
1995 | Heavy rain hits Linyi. | 905.8 | 2014 | Linyi suffered from severe drought, with precipitation nearly 62% less than the same period in previous years. | 501.4 |
1996 | NA | 851.4 | 2016 | Linyi suffered from severe drought, with precipitation nearly 50% less than the same period in previous years. | 615.2 |
1998 | NA | 834.4 | 2019 | Precipitation in Pingyi and Mengyin Counties decreased nearly 50% compared with the same period in previous years. | 595.3 |
2013 | NA | 811.3 |
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Sun, C.; Wu, X.; Li, Q.; Liu, Y.; Ren, M.; Cai, Q.; Song, H.; Ma, Y. Tree-Ring Stable Oxygen Isotope Ratio (δ18O) Records Precipitation Changes over the past Century in the Central Part of Eastern China. Forests 2024, 15, 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15010128
Sun C, Wu X, Li Q, Liu Y, Ren M, Cai Q, Song H, Ma Y. Tree-Ring Stable Oxygen Isotope Ratio (δ18O) Records Precipitation Changes over the past Century in the Central Part of Eastern China. Forests. 2024; 15(1):128. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15010128
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Changfeng, Xuan Wu, Qiang Li, Yu Liu, Meng Ren, Qiufang Cai, Huiming Song, and Yongyong Ma. 2024. "Tree-Ring Stable Oxygen Isotope Ratio (δ18O) Records Precipitation Changes over the past Century in the Central Part of Eastern China" Forests 15, no. 1: 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15010128
APA StyleSun, C., Wu, X., Li, Q., Liu, Y., Ren, M., Cai, Q., Song, H., & Ma, Y. (2024). Tree-Ring Stable Oxygen Isotope Ratio (δ18O) Records Precipitation Changes over the past Century in the Central Part of Eastern China. Forests, 15(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15010128