Multi-Scale Effects of Landscape Pattern on Soundscape Perception in Residential Green Spaces
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Research Method
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Collection and Measurement
2.2.1. Landscape Spatial Data
2.2.2. Soundscape Perception Data
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Basic Analysis
3.1.1. Sound Source Perception
3.1.2. Principal Component Analysis of Overall Soundscape Quality
3.2. Correlations between Landscape Indices of Different Land Use Types and Soundscape Perception Indicators
3.2.1. Vegetation
3.2.2. Buildings
3.2.3. Roads
3.3. Regression Models for Soundscape Perception Utilizing Multi-Scale Landscape Indices
3.3.1. Models for the Sound Dominant Degree of Sound Sources
3.3.2. Models for the Overall Soundscape Quality
4. Discussion
4.1. Typical Landscape Characteristics Associated with Soundscape Perception
4.2. Scale Effects of Landscape Pattern on Soundscape Perception
4.3. Limitations and Future Study
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primary Sound Category | Sound Source | Abbreviation |
---|---|---|
Natural Sound | Bird song | BS |
Leaves rustling | LR | |
Human Sound | Surrounding speech | SS |
Children playing | CP | |
Traffic Sound | External traffic | ET |
Internal traffic | IT |
Relative Rank | Scale |
---|---|
Small scale | 20 m, 40 m, and 60 m |
Medium scale | 80 m, 100 m, and 120 m |
Large scale | 140 m, 160 m, and 180 m |
Land Use Type | Landscape Index | Abbreviation | Explanation |
---|---|---|---|
Vegetation | Percentage of landscape index of vegetation. | PLAND_VT | The relative proportion of vegetation patches in the entire landscape. |
Patch density of vegetation. | PD_VT | The number of vegetation patches per unit area reflects the intensity of patch density. | |
Landscape shape index of vegetation | LSI_VT | The degree of regularity of the shape of vegetation patches. | |
Patch cohesion index of vegetation. | COHESION_VT | The connectivity of vegetation patches. | |
Building | Percentage of landscape index of building. | PLAND_BD | The relative proportion of building patches in the entire landscape. |
Patch density of building. | PD_BD | The number of building patches per unit area. | |
Landscape shape index of building. | LSI_BD | The degree of regularity of the shape of building patches. | |
Patch cohesion index of building. | COHESION_BD | The connectivity of building patches. | |
Road | Percentage of landscape index of vehicular road. | PLAND_VR | The relative proportion of vehicular road patches in the entire landscape. |
Patch density of vehicular road. | PD_VR | The number of vehicular road patches per unit area. | |
Landscape shape index of vehicular road. | LSI_VR | The degree of regularity of the shape of vehicular road patches. | |
Patch cohesion index of vehicular road. | COHESION_VR | The connectivity of vehicular road patches. | |
Percentage of landscape index of pedestrian road. | PLAND_PR | The relative proportion of pedestrian road patches in the entire landscape. | |
Patch density of pedestrian road. | PD_PR | The number of pedestrian road patches per unit area. | |
Landscape shape index of pedestrian road. | LSI_PR | The degree of regularity of the shape of pedestrian road patches. | |
Patch cohesion index of pedestrian road. | COHESION_PR | The connectivity of pedestrian road patches. |
Common Factor | Factor | Component | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | ||
F1 (soundscape pleasantness) | pleasant | 0.879 | ||
harmonious | 0.729 | |||
F2 (soundscape eventfulness) | eventful | 0.840 | ||
vibrant | 0.747 | |||
F3 (soundscape quietness) | quiet | 0.934 | ||
comfortable | 0.632 |
Dependent Variable | Independent Variable | Beta | VIF | t | R2 | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bird song SDD | 100 m-PD_VT | 0.53 | 1 | 3.311 ** | 0.256 | 10.963 ** |
Surrounding speech SDD | 80 m-PD_VT | 1.082 | 2.973 | 7.736 ** | 0.849 | 23.013 ** |
80 m-PD_BD | 0.672 | 1.571 | 6.607 ** | |||
160 m-LSI_BD | 0.418 | 1.156 | 4.797 ** | |||
120 m-PD_VT | −1.046 | 3.862 | −6.564 ** | |||
Children playing SDD | 40 m-PD_VT | 0.396 | 1.207 | 2.86 ** | 0.540 | 12.367 *** |
40 m-PLAND_BD | −0.535 | 1.291 | −3.739 ** | |||
120 m-LSI_BD | 0.478 | 1.496 | 3.104 ** | |||
External traffic SDD | 20 m-COHESION_VR | 0.460 | 1.012 | 2.703 ** | 0.598 | 11.429 ** |
140 m-COHESION_BD | −0.619 | 1.012 | −3.632 ** | |||
Internal traffic SDD | 100 m-LSI_BD | 0.363 | 1.003 | 2.242 ** | 0.399 | 8.646 ** |
120 m-LSI_VT | −0.586 | 1.003 | −3.620 * |
Dependent Variable | Independent Variable | Beta | VIF | t | R2 | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pleasantness | 80 m-PLAND_VR | −0.506 | 1 | −2.988 ** | 0.227 | 8.927 ** |
Eventfulness | 60 m-PLAND_BD | −1.023 | 1.828 | −5.431 ** | 0.728 | 13.492 ** |
100 m-COHESION_VT | −0.948 | 2.647 | −4.182 * | |||
140 m-PLAND_VT | 0.467 | 2.242 | −2.238 * | |||
Quietness | 20 m-PD_PR | 0.406 | 1 | 2.354 * | 0.135 | 5.543 * |
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Liu, J.; Huang, Y.-J.; Chen, Z.; Hong, X.-C. Multi-Scale Effects of Landscape Pattern on Soundscape Perception in Residential Green Spaces. Forests 2023, 14, 2323. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14122323
Liu J, Huang Y-J, Chen Z, Hong X-C. Multi-Scale Effects of Landscape Pattern on Soundscape Perception in Residential Green Spaces. Forests. 2023; 14(12):2323. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14122323
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Jiang, Yi-Jun Huang, Zhu Chen, and Xin-Chen Hong. 2023. "Multi-Scale Effects of Landscape Pattern on Soundscape Perception in Residential Green Spaces" Forests 14, no. 12: 2323. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14122323
APA StyleLiu, J., Huang, Y.-J., Chen, Z., & Hong, X.-C. (2023). Multi-Scale Effects of Landscape Pattern on Soundscape Perception in Residential Green Spaces. Forests, 14(12), 2323. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14122323