Quantitative Analysis of Methodological and Environmental Influences on Survival of Planted Mangroves in Restoration and Afforestation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection and Standardization
2.2. Model Fit, Evaluation and Prediction
3. Results
3.1. General Trends in Mangrove Restoration
3.2. Methodological Context
3.3. Environmental Context
4. Discussion
4.1. Methodological Considerations to Planting
4.2. Environmental Influences
4.3. Optimized Planting
4.4. Study Strengths and Disadvantages
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source | Estimate | SD/SE | z-Value | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pencil roots | ||||
Type—seedlings | −0.52 | 0.25 | −2.10 | 0.036 |
CES—Estuary | 0.56 | 0.26 | 2.17 | 0.030 |
CES—Fringe | 0.69 | 0.22 | 3.11 | 0.002 |
CES—Lagoon | 0.52 | 0.22 | 2.37 | 0.018 |
Climate—Temperate | ||||
Climate—Tropical | ||||
s(plant spacing) | ||||
s(latitude) | ||||
s(tidal height) | 0.38 | 0.12 | 3.23 | 0.001 |
Stilt roots | ||||
Type—seedlings | ||||
CES—Estuary | −0.02 | 0.24 | −0.09 | 0.926 |
CES—Fringe | 0.59 | 0.23 | 2.58 | 0.010 |
CES—Lagoon | 0.65 | 0.30 | 2.16 | 0.031 |
Climate—Temperate | 1.68 | 0.50 | 3.36 | 0.001 |
Climate—Tropical | 1.61 | 0.49 | 3.31 | 0.001 |
s(plant spacing) | 0.47 | 0.18 | 2.70 | 0.007 |
s(latitude) | ||||
s(tidal height) | ||||
Knee roots | ||||
Type—seedlings | ||||
CES—Estuary | ||||
CES—Fringe | ||||
CES—Lagoon | ||||
Climate—Temperate | 3.78 | 0.96 | 3.95 | <0.001 |
Climate—Tropical | 3.12 | 0.92 | 3.38 | 0.001 |
s(plant spacing) | ||||
s(latitude) | ||||
s(tidal height) |
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Gorman, D.; Vanderklift, M.A.; Lafratta, A. Quantitative Analysis of Methodological and Environmental Influences on Survival of Planted Mangroves in Restoration and Afforestation. Forests 2022, 13, 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13030404
Gorman D, Vanderklift MA, Lafratta A. Quantitative Analysis of Methodological and Environmental Influences on Survival of Planted Mangroves in Restoration and Afforestation. Forests. 2022; 13(3):404. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13030404
Chicago/Turabian StyleGorman, Daniel, Mathew A. Vanderklift, and Anna Lafratta. 2022. "Quantitative Analysis of Methodological and Environmental Influences on Survival of Planted Mangroves in Restoration and Afforestation" Forests 13, no. 3: 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13030404