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Article

Phenological Analysis of Sub-Alpine Forest on Jeju Island, South Korea, Using Data Fusion of Landsat and MODIS Products

1
Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture and Integrated Major in Smart City Global Convergence, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
2
Biological Resources Research Department, National Institute of Biological Resources, 42 Hwangyeong-ro Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Korea
3
Department of Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
4
Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38511, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Forests 2021, 12(3), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030286
Submission received: 18 December 2020 / Revised: 23 February 2021 / Accepted: 25 February 2021 / Published: 2 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Forest Ecology and Management)

Abstract

Climate change poses a disproportionate risk to alpine ecosystems. Effective monitoring of forest phenological responses to climate change is critical for predicting and managing threats to alpine populations. Remote sensing can be used to monitor forest communities in dynamic landscapes for responses to climate change at the species level. Spatiotemporal fusion technology using remote sensing images is an effective way of detecting gradual phenological changes over time and seasonal responses to climate change. The spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (STARFM) is a widely used data fusion algorithm for Landsat and MODIS imagery. This study aims to identify forest phenological characteristics and changes at the species–community level by fusing spatiotemporal data from Landsat and MODIS imagery. We fused 18 images from March to November for 2000, 2010, and 2019. (The resulting STARFM-fused images exhibited accuracies of RMSE = 0.0402 and R2 = 0.795. We found that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) value increased with time, which suggests that increasing temperature due to climate change has affected the start of the growth season in the study region. From this study, we found that increasing temperature affects the phenology of these regions, and forest management strategies like monitoring phenology using remote sensing technique should evaluate the effects of climate change.
Keywords: phenological analysis; spatiotemporal data fusion; Landsat; MODIS; Jeju Island; NDVI; climate change phenological analysis; spatiotemporal data fusion; Landsat; MODIS; Jeju Island; NDVI; climate change

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Park, S.-J.; Jeong, S.-G.; Park, Y.; Kim, S.-H.; Lee, D.-K.; Mo, Y.-W.; Jang, D.-S.; Park, K.-M. Phenological Analysis of Sub-Alpine Forest on Jeju Island, South Korea, Using Data Fusion of Landsat and MODIS Products. Forests 2021, 12, 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030286

AMA Style

Park S-J, Jeong S-G, Park Y, Kim S-H, Lee D-K, Mo Y-W, Jang D-S, Park K-M. Phenological Analysis of Sub-Alpine Forest on Jeju Island, South Korea, Using Data Fusion of Landsat and MODIS Products. Forests. 2021; 12(3):286. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030286

Chicago/Turabian Style

Park, Sang-Jin, Seung-Gyu Jeong, Yong Park, Sang-Hyuk Kim, Dong-Kun Lee, Yong-Won Mo, Dong-Seok Jang, and Kyung-Min Park. 2021. "Phenological Analysis of Sub-Alpine Forest on Jeju Island, South Korea, Using Data Fusion of Landsat and MODIS Products" Forests 12, no. 3: 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030286

APA Style

Park, S.-J., Jeong, S.-G., Park, Y., Kim, S.-H., Lee, D.-K., Mo, Y.-W., Jang, D.-S., & Park, K.-M. (2021). Phenological Analysis of Sub-Alpine Forest on Jeju Island, South Korea, Using Data Fusion of Landsat and MODIS Products. Forests, 12(3), 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12030286

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