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Article

An Adaptive Overcurrent Protection Method for Distribution Networks Based on Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm

1
State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute, Changsha 410007, China
2
National Key Laboratory of Power Grid Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
3
State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited, Changsha 410007, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Algorithms 2025, 18(8), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/a18080472
Submission received: 24 June 2025 / Revised: 22 July 2025 / Accepted: 26 July 2025 / Published: 28 July 2025

Abstract

With the large-scale integration of renewable energy into distribution networks, traditional fixed-setting overcurrent protection strategies struggle to adapt to rapid fluctuations in renewable energy (e.g., wind and photovoltaic) output. Optimizing current settings is crucial for enhancing the stability of modern distribution networks. This paper proposes an adaptive overcurrent protection method based on an improved NSGA-II algorithm. By dynamically detecting renewable power fluctuations and generating adaptive solutions, the method enables the online optimization of protection parameters, effectively reducing misoperation rates, shortening operation times, and significantly improving the reliability and resilience of distribution networks. Using the rate of renewable power variation as the core criterion, renewable power changes are categorized into abrupt and gradual scenarios. Depending on the scenario, either a random solution injection strategy (DNSGA-II-A) or a Gaussian mutation strategy (DNSGA-II-B) is dynamically applied to adjust overcurrent protection settings and time delays, ensuring real-time alignment with grid conditions. Hard constraints such as sensitivity, selectivity, and misoperation rate are embedded to guarantee compliance with relay protection standards. Additionally, the convergence of the Pareto front change rate serves as the termination condition, reducing computational redundancy and avoiding local optima. Simulation tests on a 10 kV distribution network integrated with a wind farm validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Keywords: distribution network; adaptive current protection; multi-objective optimization; NSGA-II algorithm; renewable energy-integrated distribution network distribution network; adaptive current protection; multi-objective optimization; NSGA-II algorithm; renewable energy-integrated distribution network

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MDPI and ACS Style

Xu, B.; Ouyang, F.; Li, Y.; Yu, K.; Ao, F.; Li, H.; Tan, L. An Adaptive Overcurrent Protection Method for Distribution Networks Based on Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm. Algorithms 2025, 18, 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/a18080472

AMA Style

Xu B, Ouyang F, Li Y, Yu K, Ao F, Li H, Tan L. An Adaptive Overcurrent Protection Method for Distribution Networks Based on Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm. Algorithms. 2025; 18(8):472. https://doi.org/10.3390/a18080472

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu, Biao, Fan Ouyang, Yangyang Li, Kun Yu, Fei Ao, Hui Li, and Liming Tan. 2025. "An Adaptive Overcurrent Protection Method for Distribution Networks Based on Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm" Algorithms 18, no. 8: 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/a18080472

APA Style

Xu, B., Ouyang, F., Li, Y., Yu, K., Ao, F., Li, H., & Tan, L. (2025). An Adaptive Overcurrent Protection Method for Distribution Networks Based on Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm. Algorithms, 18(8), 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/a18080472

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