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Article

Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of Laser Melting Deposited Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Different Build Orientations

by
Kejun Jiang
1,
Junjun Jin
1,*,
Yuxiang Cai
1,
Zhihui Li
1,
Sunmin Zou
1,
Zhongyin Zhu
2,
Guoqing Gou
1,*,
Xiaohong Sun
3 and
Zhiyi Zhang
4
1
Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
2
School of Engineering Training Center, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
3
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 180240, China
4
CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266111, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2026, 19(9), 1869; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19091869
Submission received: 19 March 2026 / Revised: 24 April 2026 / Accepted: 27 April 2026 / Published: 1 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion and Mechanical Behavior of Metal Materials (3rd Edition))
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Abstract

This study investigates the hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of laser melting deposition (LMD)-produced Ti-6Al-4V alloy with different build orientations (0°, 45°, 90°) through electrochemical hydrogen charging, slow strain rate testing, and microstructural characterization. Ti-6Al-4V alloys are widely used in marine and offshore engineering, where cathodic protection and corrosion reactions can generate hydrogen, leading to hydrogen ingress and potential embrittlement. Results show that prolonged hydrogen charging induces hydride formation, α-phase fragmentation, and β-phase dissolution, significantly degrading corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility exhibits notable anisotropy: elongation reductions for 0°, 45°, and 90° specimens are 40.1%, 40.8%, and 29.4%, respectively. The relatively superior resistance observed in the 90° orientation may be associated with its single-layer structure and more uniform dimple distribution. In contrast, the multilayer interfaces in other orientations are likely to serve as preferential sites for hydrogen accumulation, which may contribute to the increased embrittlement susceptibility. This research reveals the failure mechanism of LMD Ti-6Al-4V in hydrogen environments and supports its application in marine engineering.
Keywords: Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy; laser melting deposition (LMD); hydrogen embrittlement; build orientation Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy; laser melting deposition (LMD); hydrogen embrittlement; build orientation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Jiang, K.; Jin, J.; Cai, Y.; Li, Z.; Zou, S.; Zhu, Z.; Gou, G.; Sun, X.; Zhang, Z. Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of Laser Melting Deposited Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Different Build Orientations. Materials 2026, 19, 1869. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19091869

AMA Style

Jiang K, Jin J, Cai Y, Li Z, Zou S, Zhu Z, Gou G, Sun X, Zhang Z. Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of Laser Melting Deposited Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Different Build Orientations. Materials. 2026; 19(9):1869. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19091869

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jiang, Kejun, Junjun Jin, Yuxiang Cai, Zhihui Li, Sunmin Zou, Zhongyin Zhu, Guoqing Gou, Xiaohong Sun, and Zhiyi Zhang. 2026. "Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of Laser Melting Deposited Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Different Build Orientations" Materials 19, no. 9: 1869. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19091869

APA Style

Jiang, K., Jin, J., Cai, Y., Li, Z., Zou, S., Zhu, Z., Gou, G., Sun, X., & Zhang, Z. (2026). Hydrogen Embrittlement Behavior of Laser Melting Deposited Ti-6Al-4V Alloy with Different Build Orientations. Materials, 19(9), 1869. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19091869

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