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Materials
Volume 19
Issue 18
10.3390/ma19183933
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Article

Integrating Powder Metallurgy with Explosive Cladding: A Novel Route for Bimetallic Copper–Steel Tube Fabrication

by
Remigiusz Błoniarz
1,*,
Krystian Zyguła
1,
Leszek Szymańczyk
2 and
Marcin Hara
2
1
Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, A. Mickiewicza 30 Avenue, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
2
Faculty of New Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Gen. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2026, 19(18), 3933; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19183933
Submission received: 18 August 2026 / Revised: 9 September 2026 / Accepted: 13 September 2026 / Published: 16 September 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Manufacturing Processes and Systems)
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Abstract

Copper–steel bimetals are widely used in industry. Due to the significantly different physical properties of these two materials, explosive cladding is the most effective method for joining them. This article presents a novel method for manufacturing bimetallic copper–steel tubes. A stack of initially compacted copper powder rings was placed along a steel tube, and the copper layer was successfully explosively cladded onto the outer surface of the tube. Different variants of the experimental setups and processing parameters were investigated. The quality of the joint was metallurgically characterized, and appropriate technological guidelines were recommended. The macroscopic integrity of the bond was evaluated under shear stress conditions. The developed technique shows great potential for the future manufacturing of steel tubes cladded with copper matrix composites.
Keywords: explosive cladding; explosive welding; bimetallic tube; copper–steel bimetal; metal powder deposition explosive cladding; explosive welding; bimetallic tube; copper–steel bimetal; metal powder deposition

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MDPI and ACS Style

Błoniarz, R.; Zyguła, K.; Szymańczyk, L.; Hara, M. Integrating Powder Metallurgy with Explosive Cladding: A Novel Route for Bimetallic Copper–Steel Tube Fabrication. Materials 2026, 19, 3933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19183933

AMA Style

Błoniarz R, Zyguła K, Szymańczyk L, Hara M. Integrating Powder Metallurgy with Explosive Cladding: A Novel Route for Bimetallic Copper–Steel Tube Fabrication. Materials. 2026; 19(18):3933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19183933

Chicago/Turabian Style

Błoniarz, Remigiusz, Krystian Zyguła, Leszek Szymańczyk, and Marcin Hara. 2026. "Integrating Powder Metallurgy with Explosive Cladding: A Novel Route for Bimetallic Copper–Steel Tube Fabrication" Materials 19, no. 18: 3933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19183933

APA Style

Błoniarz, R., Zyguła, K., Szymańczyk, L., & Hara, M. (2026). Integrating Powder Metallurgy with Explosive Cladding: A Novel Route for Bimetallic Copper–Steel Tube Fabrication. Materials, 19(18), 3933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19183933

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