Development of Slow-Release Salt Storage Fillers and Performance Evaluation of Salt-Storage Pavement

To address the issues of poor sustained-release behavior and limited long-term efficacy associated with conventional salt-storage materials, this study developed the epoxy-resin-encapsulated slow-release salt-storage filler to enhance both the engineering performance and the deicing/snow-melting capacity of salt-storage pavements. In this study, attapulgite was optimized and selected as the salt storage carrier through the adoption of pesticide coating technology and experimental testing, wherein a deicing salt blend with a CaCl₂ to NaCl mass ratio of 2:1 was loaded via a wet adsorption method. Subsequently, using dimethicone as the surface modifier, the optimal encapsulation process was determined to involve the dilution ratio of epoxy resin to cyclohexanone of 4:1 and the curing agent dosage of 30% by weight. The results indicated that the recommended content of the filler should not exceed 5%. The filler reduced the high-temperature stability and water stability of the mixture, while the low-temperature crack resistance first increased and then decreased, peaking at the 2% filler content with an improvement of 12.2%. The water stability was the most significantly affected by the filler content. Ice–snow melting performance tests demonstrated that the salt-storage mixture with 5% filler achieved the deicing rate of 56.35% at −5 °C, meeting the industry standard requirements. The self-prepared slow-release salt-storage filler exhibited superior long-term ice–snow melting performance to V-260, with the slow-release duration extended by 60%. The salt release process was divided into three distinct stages: rapid dissolution, stable release and slow dissolution. The 60 °C was determined as the optimal temperature for the accelerated immersion testing, which the accelerated test could effectively simulate the natural immersion process. Based on the prediction model established accordingly, the functional service life of snow-melting for this slow-release salt-storage asphalt pavement in northern area was estimated be approximately 4.07 years. The slow-release salt-storage filler fabricated in this work possesses both remarkable sustained-release behavior and deicing efficacy. The findings provide the technical foundation for the development of novel salt-storage pavement materials, performance characterization, and mechanistic analysis of snow-ice melting.