Research Progress on the Application of Soda Residue in Cementitious Materials

Gong, Ying; Zhao, Kaiyue; Liu, Gang; Ba, Ying; Wu, Yaoyao; Liu, Zijian; Yang, Yong

doi:10.3390/ma19112228

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Research Progress on the Application of Soda Residue in Cementitious Materials

by

Ying Gong

¹,

Kaiyue Zhao

^1,*,

Gang Liu

²,

Ying Ba

¹

,

Yaoyao Wu

¹,

Zijian Liu

¹ and

Yong Yang

¹

College of Architectural Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China

²

College of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Materials 2026, 19(11), 2228; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19112228

Submission received: 2 April 2026 / Revised: 30 April 2026 / Accepted: 21 May 2026 / Published: 25 May 2026

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Waste Materials’ Valorization)

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Abstract

Soda residue (SR) is an industrial waste produced by the ammonia-soda process. The unique structural characteristics and cementitious activity of soda residue enable it to be used as a mineral admixture for cementitious materials, which is an important way for its resource utilization and also the development direction of green building materials. This paper reviews its potential as a supplementary cementitious material in cementitious materials from physicochemical properties, microstructural influence, and macro performance impact perspectives. Key findings indicate that soda residue enhances cementitious materials’ compactness and early strength through physical filling and chemical activation, yet it concurrently impairs workability and poses durability risks due to chloride content and salt crystallization. An optimized application requires dosage control, chemical modification, and combined use with mineral admixtures. Future research should focus on developing composite binder systems, innovating solid waste-based material preparation, and advancing desalination technologies to enable large-scale, environmentally sound utilization.

Keywords: soda residue; cementitious materials; microscopic properties; macroscopic properties; shrinkage

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gong, Y.; Zhao, K.; Liu, G.; Ba, Y.; Wu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Yang, Y. Research Progress on the Application of Soda Residue in Cementitious Materials. Materials 2026, 19, 2228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19112228

AMA Style

Gong Y, Zhao K, Liu G, Ba Y, Wu Y, Liu Z, Yang Y. Research Progress on the Application of Soda Residue in Cementitious Materials. Materials. 2026; 19(11):2228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19112228

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gong, Ying, Kaiyue Zhao, Gang Liu, Ying Ba, Yaoyao Wu, Zijian Liu, and Yong Yang. 2026. "Research Progress on the Application of Soda Residue in Cementitious Materials" Materials 19, no. 11: 2228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19112228

APA Style

Gong, Y., Zhao, K., Liu, G., Ba, Y., Wu, Y., Liu, Z., & Yang, Y. (2026). Research Progress on the Application of Soda Residue in Cementitious Materials. Materials, 19(11), 2228. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19112228

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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