Evaluation of Factors Affecting Fluoride Release from Dental Sealants: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Fluoride-releasing sealants play a crucial role in caries prevention by providing both mechanical protection and controlled ion release. However, the rate and duration of fluoride emission vary depending on material composition and environmental conditions. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify and analyze factors influencing fluoride release and recharge capacity from contemporary dental sealants. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in September 2025 across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and WorldCat using the keywords “fluoride release” AND “sealant.” Study selection followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and predefined PICO-based eligibility criteria. Out of the 375 records initially identified, 16 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into the qualitative analysis. Results: Glass-ionomer and resin-modified glass-ionomer sealants (e.g., Fuji VII, Fuji IX, Fuji II LC, Ketac Molar, Vitremer) consistently demonstrated higher fluoride release and superior recharge capacity compared with resin-based sealants (e.g., Clinpro, Helioseal F, BeautiSealant). Most studies reported a biphasic fluoride-release pattern, characterized by an initial burst within the first 24–48 h followed by a slower, sustained phase lasting several weeks. Environmental parameters, including storage medium, pH, and temperature, significantly affected fluoride-release kinetics. Additional outcomes such as enamel remineralization, antibacterial activity, microleakage, and surface hardness were also reported. Conclusions: Both material composition and environmental factors substantially influence fluoride release from dental sealants. Glass-ionomer–based materials demonstrate more durable and higher fluoride release, with acidic conditions enhancing ion diffusion. Clinically, these materials are particularly beneficial for patients at high caries risk, whereas resin-based sealants remain preferable in low-risk cases due to better retention and esthetics.