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Volume 18
Issue 23
10.3390/ma18235334
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Article

High-Frequency Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of an Al–Si Alloy: Influence of Al2O3 and SiO2 Additives on Coating Microstructure and Tribological Performance

by
Gulzhaz Uazyrkhanova
1,
Amangeldi Sagidugumar
1,*,
Yernat Kozhakhmetov
1,
Gulzhaz Moldabayeva
1,
Daniyar Kaliyev
2,
Sergey Rudenko
2 and
Nurgamit Kantay
3,*
1
The Center of Excellence “VERITAS”, D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070004, Kazakhstan
2
The Competence Center «Smart Engineering», D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070004, Kazakhstan
3
The National Scientific Laboratory of Collective Use, Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk 070020, Kazakhstan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2025, 18(23), 5334; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235334
Submission received: 11 October 2025 / Revised: 23 November 2025 / Accepted: 24 November 2025 / Published: 26 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Thin Films and Interfaces)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study focuses on surface modification of aluminum alloys (Al–Si) with high silicon content using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The influence of Al2O3 and SiO2 particles, introduced both separately and in combination, into a sodium aluminate-based electrolyte during high-frequency treatment (2000 Hz). Examination of surface and cross-sections using a scanning electron microscope SEM showed an increase in the compactness of the coating when Al2O3 particles were introduced. The addition of SiO2 particles tended to promote a smoother surface and a slight reduction in the porosity and defect density. However, when these particles are added together, especially at high concentrations, an increase in structural defects and crack formation is observed. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the γ-Al2O3 phase was present in all coatings. In the samples with Al2O3 addition, the α-Al2O3 diffraction signal became stronger compared with the other coatings. Tribological tests revealed that the addition of Al2O3 particles significantly improved wear resistance, while the introduction of SiO2 particles contributed to the stabilization of the friction coefficient. Thus, Al2O3 particles were the most effective in enhancing the mechanical properties of the coating.
Keywords: Al–Si alloys; plasma electrolytic oxidation; tribology; wear; Al2O3; SiO2 Al–Si alloys; plasma electrolytic oxidation; tribology; wear; Al2O3; SiO2

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MDPI and ACS Style

Uazyrkhanova, G.; Sagidugumar, A.; Kozhakhmetov, Y.; Moldabayeva, G.; Kaliyev, D.; Rudenko, S.; Kantay, N. High-Frequency Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of an Al–Si Alloy: Influence of Al2O3 and SiO2 Additives on Coating Microstructure and Tribological Performance. Materials 2025, 18, 5334. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235334

AMA Style

Uazyrkhanova G, Sagidugumar A, Kozhakhmetov Y, Moldabayeva G, Kaliyev D, Rudenko S, Kantay N. High-Frequency Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of an Al–Si Alloy: Influence of Al2O3 and SiO2 Additives on Coating Microstructure and Tribological Performance. Materials. 2025; 18(23):5334. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235334

Chicago/Turabian Style

Uazyrkhanova, Gulzhaz, Amangeldi Sagidugumar, Yernat Kozhakhmetov, Gulzhaz Moldabayeva, Daniyar Kaliyev, Sergey Rudenko, and Nurgamit Kantay. 2025. "High-Frequency Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of an Al–Si Alloy: Influence of Al2O3 and SiO2 Additives on Coating Microstructure and Tribological Performance" Materials 18, no. 23: 5334. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235334

APA Style

Uazyrkhanova, G., Sagidugumar, A., Kozhakhmetov, Y., Moldabayeva, G., Kaliyev, D., Rudenko, S., & Kantay, N. (2025). High-Frequency Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of an Al–Si Alloy: Influence of Al2O3 and SiO2 Additives on Coating Microstructure and Tribological Performance. Materials, 18(23), 5334. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18235334

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