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Volume 18
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10.3390/ma18163732
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Concentrations on the Superconducting Properties of (NbMoTaW)1CxNy Carbonitride Films

by
Gabriel Pristáš
1,
Slavomír Gabáni
1,
Petra Hviščová
2,
Jozef Dobrovodský
3,
Dmitry Albov
2,
Maksym Lisnichuk
2,
Oleksandr Onufriienko
1,
Janina Zorych
1,4,
František Lofaj
2 and
Karol Flachbart
1,*
1
Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
2
Institute of Materials Research of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
3
Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia
4
Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2025, 18(16), 3732; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18163732
Submission received: 26 June 2025 / Revised: 31 July 2025 / Accepted: 7 August 2025 / Published: 8 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Entropy Alloys: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications)
Versions Notes

Abstract

We report about the effect of nitrogen and carbon concentration on the superconducting transition temperature TC of (NbMoTaW)1CxNy carbonitride films deposited using reactive DC magnetron sputtering. By measuring the temperature dependence of electrical resistance and magnetization of these carbonitrides, with 0.20 ≤ x ≤ 1.17 and 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.73, we observe a TC enhancement that occurs especially at high (x ≥ 0.76) carbon concentrations, with the largest TC = 9.6 K observed in the over-doped fcc crystal structure with x = 1.17 and y = 0.41. The reason why the largest TC appears at high C concentrations is probably related to the lower atomic mass of carbon compared to nitrogen and to the increase in the electron–phonon interaction due to different bonding of carbon (compared to nitrogen) to the Nb-Mo-Ta-W metallic sublattice. However, for concentrations where y > 0.71 and x + y > 1.58, two structural phases begin to form. Additionally, the proximity to structural instability may play a role in the observed TC enhancement. Further measurements in a magnetic field show that the upper critical fields Bc2 of (NbMoTaW)1CxNy carbonitrides provide Bc2/TC < 2 T/K, which falls within the weak-coupling pair breaking limit.
Keywords: high and medium entropy carbonitrides; superconductivity; superconducting transition temperature; upper critical field high and medium entropy carbonitrides; superconductivity; superconducting transition temperature; upper critical field

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pristáš, G.; Gabáni, S.; Hviščová, P.; Dobrovodský, J.; Albov, D.; Lisnichuk, M.; Onufriienko, O.; Zorych, J.; Lofaj, F.; Flachbart, K. Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Concentrations on the Superconducting Properties of (NbMoTaW)1CxNy Carbonitride Films. Materials 2025, 18, 3732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18163732

AMA Style

Pristáš G, Gabáni S, Hviščová P, Dobrovodský J, Albov D, Lisnichuk M, Onufriienko O, Zorych J, Lofaj F, Flachbart K. Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Concentrations on the Superconducting Properties of (NbMoTaW)1CxNy Carbonitride Films. Materials. 2025; 18(16):3732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18163732

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pristáš, Gabriel, Slavomír Gabáni, Petra Hviščová, Jozef Dobrovodský, Dmitry Albov, Maksym Lisnichuk, Oleksandr Onufriienko, Janina Zorych, František Lofaj, and Karol Flachbart. 2025. "Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Concentrations on the Superconducting Properties of (NbMoTaW)1CxNy Carbonitride Films" Materials 18, no. 16: 3732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18163732

APA Style

Pristáš, G., Gabáni, S., Hviščová, P., Dobrovodský, J., Albov, D., Lisnichuk, M., Onufriienko, O., Zorych, J., Lofaj, F., & Flachbart, K. (2025). Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Concentrations on the Superconducting Properties of (NbMoTaW)1CxNy Carbonitride Films. Materials, 18(16), 3732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18163732

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