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Article

One-Week Hydration Characteristics of Silica-Alumina Based Cementitious Materials Composed of Phosphorous Slag: Phosphorus Involved in Calcium Alumino-Silicate Hydrate Gel

by
Zipei Li
1,
Yu Wang
1,
Jiale Zhang
1,
Yipu Wang
1,
Na Zhang
1,*,
Xiaoming Liu
2 and
Yinming Sun
3,*
1
School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
2
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3
School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2025, 18(14), 3360; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143360
Submission received: 29 May 2025 / Revised: 9 July 2025 / Accepted: 10 July 2025 / Published: 17 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recycling and the Development of New Building Materials and Products—Third Edition)
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Abstract

Phosphorous slag is an industrial by-product generated in the process of producing yellow phosphorus by electric furnace, which occupies a substantial number of land resources and causes serious environmental pollution. The comprehensive utilization of phosphorous slag is a major topic relevant to the sustainability of the yellow phosphorus industry. In this paper, we attempted to utilize phosphorous slag as a supplementary cementing material to prepare silica-aluminum based cementitious material (SAC-PHS). To determine how phosphorus influences the early-age hydration reaction process of silica-aluminum based cementitious material, three groups of samples, PHS20, PHS25, and PHS30, with better mechanical properties were selected to deeply investigate their one-week hydration characteristics. Characterization results showed that the main hydration products of SAC-PHS were C-A-S-H gels and ettringite. PHS25 specimen produced more C-A-S-H gels and ettringite than the other two samples after one-week hydration. Interestingly, the P/Si atomic ratio indicated that chemical bonds were formed between Si and P during the formation of C-A-S-H gels, which improved the strength of SAC-PHS. Our findings offer valuable insights for the application of phosphorous slag in construction and building materials and promote the efficient resource utilization of phosphorous residue.
Keywords: phosphorous slag; silica-alumina based cementitious materials; early-age hydration; microstructure phosphorous slag; silica-alumina based cementitious materials; early-age hydration; microstructure

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, Z.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, N.; Liu, X.; Sun, Y. One-Week Hydration Characteristics of Silica-Alumina Based Cementitious Materials Composed of Phosphorous Slag: Phosphorus Involved in Calcium Alumino-Silicate Hydrate Gel. Materials 2025, 18, 3360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143360

AMA Style

Li Z, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang N, Liu X, Sun Y. One-Week Hydration Characteristics of Silica-Alumina Based Cementitious Materials Composed of Phosphorous Slag: Phosphorus Involved in Calcium Alumino-Silicate Hydrate Gel. Materials. 2025; 18(14):3360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143360

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Zipei, Yu Wang, Jiale Zhang, Yipu Wang, Na Zhang, Xiaoming Liu, and Yinming Sun. 2025. "One-Week Hydration Characteristics of Silica-Alumina Based Cementitious Materials Composed of Phosphorous Slag: Phosphorus Involved in Calcium Alumino-Silicate Hydrate Gel" Materials 18, no. 14: 3360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143360

APA Style

Li, Z., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, N., Liu, X., & Sun, Y. (2025). One-Week Hydration Characteristics of Silica-Alumina Based Cementitious Materials Composed of Phosphorous Slag: Phosphorus Involved in Calcium Alumino-Silicate Hydrate Gel. Materials, 18(14), 3360. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143360

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