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10.3390/ma18143285
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Article

Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Residual Stress and Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior in Linear Friction Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

by
Sungkyoung Lee
1,2,
Hyunsung Choi
1,
Yunji Cho
1,2,
Min Jae Baek
1,
Hyeonil Park
1,
Moo-Young Seok
1,
Yong Nam Kwon
1,
Namhyun Kang
2,* and
Dong Jun Lee
1,*
1
Aerospace Materials Center, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2025, 18(14), 3285; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143285
Submission received: 15 June 2025 / Revised: 30 June 2025 / Accepted: 2 July 2025 / Published: 11 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Metals and Alloys)
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Abstract

In this study, the effects of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on residual stress distribution and fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behavior in linear friction welded (LFW) Ti-6Al-4V joints were investigated. Microstructural evolution in the weld center zone (WCZ), thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ), heat-affected zone (HAZ), and base metal (BM) was characterized using scanning electron microscropy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Mechanical properties were evaluated via Vickers hardness testing and digital image correlation (DIC)-based tensile testing. Residual stresses before and after PWHT were measured using the contour method. The LFW process introduced significant residual stresses, with tensile stresses up to 709.2 MPa in the WCZ, resulting in non-uniform fatigue crack growth behavior. PWHT at 650 °C and 750 °C effectively reduced these stresses. After PWHT, fatigue cracks propagated uniformly across the weld region, enabling reliable determination of crack growth rates. The average crack growth rates of the heat-treated specimens were comparable to those of the base metal, confirming that PWHT, particularly at 750 °C, stabilizes the fatigue crack path and relieves internal stress.
Keywords: linear friction welding; residual stress; fatigue crack propagation; post-weld heat treatment linear friction welding; residual stress; fatigue crack propagation; post-weld heat treatment

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lee, S.; Choi, H.; Cho, Y.; Baek, M.J.; Park, H.; Seok, M.-Y.; Kwon, Y.N.; Kang, N.; Lee, D.J. Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Residual Stress and Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior in Linear Friction Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy. Materials 2025, 18, 3285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143285

AMA Style

Lee S, Choi H, Cho Y, Baek MJ, Park H, Seok M-Y, Kwon YN, Kang N, Lee DJ. Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Residual Stress and Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior in Linear Friction Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy. Materials. 2025; 18(14):3285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143285

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lee, Sungkyoung, Hyunsung Choi, Yunji Cho, Min Jae Baek, Hyeonil Park, Moo-Young Seok, Yong Nam Kwon, Namhyun Kang, and Dong Jun Lee. 2025. "Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Residual Stress and Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior in Linear Friction Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy" Materials 18, no. 14: 3285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143285

APA Style

Lee, S., Choi, H., Cho, Y., Baek, M. J., Park, H., Seok, M.-Y., Kwon, Y. N., Kang, N., & Lee, D. J. (2025). Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Residual Stress and Fatigue Crack Propagation Behavior in Linear Friction Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy. Materials, 18(14), 3285. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143285

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