Influence of V on the Microstructure and Precipitation Behavior of High-Carbon Hardline Steel during Continuous Cooling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials Prepared
2.2. Thermo-Mechanical Processing
2.3. Characterization Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microstructure
3.2. Precipitate
3.3. Effect of V Content on the Carbon Diffusion Coefficient
3.4. Effect of V Content on the Precipitation Behavior of VC
4. Conclusions
- The ILS for three experimental steels were in the order of LV > MV > HV. As the V content in the steels increased from 0.02 wt.% to 0.06 wt.%, the ILS of the experimental steels at four cooling rates (1, 2, 5, and 10 °C·s−1) decreased from 0.192, 0.178, 0.151, and 0.117 μm to 0.166, 0.157, 0.141, and 0.110 μm, respectively. At a cooling rate of 10 °C·s−1, a small amount of bainite is observed in the experimental steel, accompanied by a decrease in the content of pearlite.
- The carbon diffusion coefficients for three experimental steels were in the order of LV > MV > HV. As the V content increased from 0.02 wt.% to 0.06 wt.%, the carbon diffusion coefficients of the experimental steel at four cooling rates (1, 2, 5, and 10 °C·s−1) decreased from 0.138, 0.127, 0.103, and 0.0467 cm2·s−1 to 3.41 × 10−3, 2.93 × 10−3, 1.95 × 10−3, and 0.98 × 10−3 cm2·s−1, respectively.
- The precipitated phase was VC, with a diameter of approximately 24.73 nm. The misfit between α-Fe and VC was 5.02%, forming a semi-coherent interface between them. VC atoms gradually adjusted their positions to grow along the α-Fe direction. The ΔG of VC values for the three experimental steels were in the order HV > MV > LV. Within the same nucleation mechanism, the critical nucleation temperatures for the experimental steels are in the order HV > MV > LV. With an increase in V content, the PTT curves shift to the left, and the critical nucleation temperatures for homogeneous nucleation, grain boundary nucleation, and dislocation line nucleation increase from 570.6, 676.9, and 692.4 °C to 634.6, 748.5, and 755.5 °C, respectively.
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Cu | V | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LV | 0.69 | 0.34 | 0.63 | 0.033 | 0.034 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.02 | Bal. |
MV | 0.69 | 0.35 | 0.62 | 0.034 | 0.032 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.04 | Bal. |
HV | 0.68 | 0.35 | 0.63 | 0.032 | 0.031 | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.11 | 0.06 | Bal. |
[hkl]VC | [hkl]α-Fe | d[hkl]VC | d[hkl]α-Fe | θ,deg | d[hkl]VCcosθ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[010] | [110] | 4.162 | 4.145 | 0 | 4.162 |
[011] | 2.943 | 2.539 | 9.73 | 2.901 | |
[001] | [001] | 2.943 | 2.931 | 0 | 2.943 |
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Zhang, J.; Gu, S.; Wang, J.; Wei, F.; Li, Z.; Zeng, Z.; Shen, B.; Li, C. Influence of V on the Microstructure and Precipitation Behavior of High-Carbon Hardline Steel during Continuous Cooling. Materials 2024, 17, 1392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061392
Zhang J, Gu S, Wang J, Wei F, Li Z, Zeng Z, Shen B, Li C. Influence of V on the Microstructure and Precipitation Behavior of High-Carbon Hardline Steel during Continuous Cooling. Materials. 2024; 17(6):1392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061392
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Junxiang, Shangjun Gu, Jie Wang, Fulong Wei, Zhiying Li, Zeyun Zeng, Bin Shen, and Changrong Li. 2024. "Influence of V on the Microstructure and Precipitation Behavior of High-Carbon Hardline Steel during Continuous Cooling" Materials 17, no. 6: 1392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061392