Tool Wear Mechanism and Grinding Performance for Different Cooling-Lubrication Modes in Grinding of Nickel-Based Superalloys
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Tool, Workpiece, and Machine Tool
2.2. Cooling-Lubrication Modes
2.3. Assessment of Tool Wear, Grinding Force, and Surface Quality
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Wear Mechanism of Tool
3.2. Grinding Force and Coefficient of Friction
3.3. Grinding Surface Quality
4. Conclusions
- Chip-deposits were the principal wear mechanism of the CBN grinding tool under dry grinding mode; they covered some areas on the tool surface, which accelerated the tool failure. Dry grinding mode provided the highest tangential force (7.46 N) and normal force (14.1 N), which was found to be 58% and 50%, 75% and 61%, 71% and 59%, and 84% and 67% higher than the flood, MQL-PO, MQL-MG, and MOL-Al2O3 modes, respectively. MQL-Al2O3 mode produced the lowest values of tangential force (1.2 N) and normal force (4.68 N) due to the “ball bearing” effect from Al2O3 nanoparticles that reduced the friction in the interface between the abrasive grits and the workpieces.
- Wedge-shaped fractures occurred on the CBN grits during grinding nickel-based superalloys when applying flood grinding mode, which provided new cutting edges. Very few chips were observed on the tool surface due to the effective cleaning and cooling behaviors from the grinding fluids.
- MQL-PO, MQL-MG, and MQL-Al2O3 modes exhibited the formation of oil-film on the tool surface, which improved the tribological performance in the interface between the tool and the workpiece. The 37%, 30%, and 52% reduction in coefficient of friction were achieved with MQL-PO, MQL-MG, and MQL-Al2O3 modes when compared to dry grinding mode, respectively.
- Despite that dry grinding produced the lowest value of surface roughness, 0.59 μm Ra, burns were visible on the ground surface. The application of MQL-PO, MQL-MG, and MQL-Al2O3 modes retained the sharpness of grits, which resulted in a 73%, 88%, and 97% increase in surface roughness, Ra, when compared to dry grinding, respectively.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Grinding Type | Plunge Surface Grinding, Down Cut |
---|---|
Type of wheel | CBN320N5V (vitrified bond) |
Machine tool | JX-1A grinder |
Workpiece material | Nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD5 |
Workpiece crystallographic orientation | (001) plane [100] orientation |
Cooling-lubrication modes | Dry, flood, MQL-PO, MQL-MG, MQL-Al2O3 |
Feed rate (Vf) | Vf = 1 mm/s |
Depth of cutting (ap) | ap = 20 μm |
Wheel speed (Vs) | Vs = 30 m/s |
MQL oil | Palm oil |
MQL flow rate (Q) | Q = 120 cm3/h |
Pressure of air (P) in MQL | P = 0.4 MPa |
Nozzle position (D) | D = 30 mm |
Dresser | Diamond dressing roller |
Dressing speed ratio (qd) | qd = 0.8 |
Total depth of dressing(ad) | ad = 80 μm |
W | Ta | Al | Re | Mo | Co | Gr | C | Hf | Ni |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 7 | 6.2 | 3 | 2 | 7.5 | 7 | 0.05 | 0.15 | Bal |
Melting Point | Shrinkage | Hardness | Yield Strength |
---|---|---|---|
1368 °C | 13.5% | 550 HV | 1109 Mpa |
Number of Layers | Mean Diameter (μm) | Layer Thickness (nm) | Specific Surface Area (m2/g) | Appearance |
---|---|---|---|---|
6–10 | 5–50 | 3.4–8 nm | 350–450 | Black powder |
Grain Size (nm) | Specific Surface Area (m2/g) | Volume Density (g/cm3) | Crystal Form | Appearance |
---|---|---|---|---|
50 | 58 | 0.55 | α | White powder |
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Liang, C.; Gong, Y.; Zhou, L.; Qi, Y.; Zhang, H.; Zhao, J. Tool Wear Mechanism and Grinding Performance for Different Cooling-Lubrication Modes in Grinding of Nickel-Based Superalloys. Materials 2023, 16, 3545. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093545
Liang C, Gong Y, Zhou L, Qi Y, Zhang H, Zhao J. Tool Wear Mechanism and Grinding Performance for Different Cooling-Lubrication Modes in Grinding of Nickel-Based Superalloys. Materials. 2023; 16(9):3545. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093545
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang, Chunyou, Yadong Gong, Linhu Zhou, Yang Qi, Huan Zhang, and Jibin Zhao. 2023. "Tool Wear Mechanism and Grinding Performance for Different Cooling-Lubrication Modes in Grinding of Nickel-Based Superalloys" Materials 16, no. 9: 3545. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093545