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Volume 16
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10.3390/ma16155328
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Article

The Reduction Factor of Pultrude Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polyester Composite Cross-Arm: A Comparative Study on Mathematical Modelling for Life-Span Prediction

by
Mohd Supian Abu Bakar
1,
Agusril Syamsir
1,2,*,
Abdulrahman Alhayek
2,
Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf
3,
Zarina Itam
1,2,
Shaikh Muhammad Mubin Shaik
2,
Nurhanani Abd Aziz
2,
Tarique Jamal
1 and
Siti Aminah Mohd Mansor
1,2
1
Institute of Energy Infrastructure (IEI), College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
2
Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
3
Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2023, 16(15), 5328; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155328
Submission received: 20 May 2023 / Revised: 20 June 2023 / Accepted: 21 June 2023 / Published: 29 July 2023
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Abstract

This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of pultruded composite glass fibre-reinforced polymer (pGFRP) cross-arms subjected to flexural creep behaviour to assess their performance and sustainability in composite cross-arm structure applications. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the failure creep behaviour of pGFRP cross-arms with different stacking sequences. Specifically, the study aimed to understand the variations in strain rate exhibited during different stages of the creep process. Therefore, this study emphasizes a simplified approach within the experiment, numerical analysis, and mathematical modelling of three different pGFRP composites to estimate the stiffness reduction factors that determine the prediction of failure. The findings show that Findley’s power law and the Burger model projected very different strains and diverged noticeably outside the testing period. Findley’s model estimated a minimal increase in total strain over 50 years, while the Burger model anticipated PS-1 and PS-2 composites would fail within about 11 and 33 years, respectively. The Burger model’s forecasts might be more reasonable due to the harsh environment the cross-arms are expected to withstand. The endurance and long-term performance of composite materials used in overhead power transmission lines may be predicted mathematically, and this insight into material property factors can help with design and maintenance.
Keywords: reduction factor; pultrude glass fibre-reinforced polyester composite; mathematical model; life-span prediction; energy reduction factor; pultrude glass fibre-reinforced polyester composite; mathematical model; life-span prediction; energy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Abu Bakar, M.S.; Syamsir, A.; Alhayek, A.; Asyraf, M.R.M.; Itam, Z.; Shaik, S.M.M.; Abd Aziz, N.; Jamal, T.; Mohd Mansor, S.A. The Reduction Factor of Pultrude Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polyester Composite Cross-Arm: A Comparative Study on Mathematical Modelling for Life-Span Prediction. Materials 2023, 16, 5328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155328

AMA Style

Abu Bakar MS, Syamsir A, Alhayek A, Asyraf MRM, Itam Z, Shaik SMM, Abd Aziz N, Jamal T, Mohd Mansor SA. The Reduction Factor of Pultrude Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polyester Composite Cross-Arm: A Comparative Study on Mathematical Modelling for Life-Span Prediction. Materials. 2023; 16(15):5328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155328

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abu Bakar, Mohd Supian, Agusril Syamsir, Abdulrahman Alhayek, Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf, Zarina Itam, Shaikh Muhammad Mubin Shaik, Nurhanani Abd Aziz, Tarique Jamal, and Siti Aminah Mohd Mansor. 2023. "The Reduction Factor of Pultrude Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polyester Composite Cross-Arm: A Comparative Study on Mathematical Modelling for Life-Span Prediction" Materials 16, no. 15: 5328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155328

APA Style

Abu Bakar, M. S., Syamsir, A., Alhayek, A., Asyraf, M. R. M., Itam, Z., Shaik, S. M. M., Abd Aziz, N., Jamal, T., & Mohd Mansor, S. A. (2023). The Reduction Factor of Pultrude Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polyester Composite Cross-Arm: A Comparative Study on Mathematical Modelling for Life-Span Prediction. Materials, 16(15), 5328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155328

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