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Article

Environmental and Production Aspects of Using Fertilizers Based on Waste Elemental Sulfur and Organic Materials

by
Aneta Lisowska
1,
Barbara Filipek-Mazur
2,
Monika Komorowska
2,
Marcin Niemiec
2,*,
Dominika Bar-Michalczyk
1,
Maciej Kuboń
3,
Sylwester Tabor
4,
Zofia Gródek-Szostak
5,
Anna Szeląg-Sikora
3,6,
Jakub Sikora
3,6,
Sławomir Kocira
7 and
Zbigniew Wasąg
8
1
Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, National Research Institute, Falenty, 3 Hrabska Av., 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
2
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 21 Mickiewicza Av., 31-120 Krakow, Poland
3
Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-149 Krakow, Poland
4
Department of Production Engineering, Logistics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Production and Power Engineering, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21, 30-120 Krakow, Poland
5
Department of Economics and Enterprise Organization, Cracow University of Economics, 31-510 Krakow, Poland
6
Institute of Management and Production Engineering, Cavalry Captain Witold Pilecki State University of Małopolska in Oświęcim, Maksymiliana Kolbego 8, 32-600 Oswiecim, Poland
7
Department of Machinery Exploitation and Management of Production Processes, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
8
Jan Zamoyski College of Humanities and Economics in Zamość, ul. Koszary 8, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2022, 15(9), 3387; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093387
Submission received: 8 April 2022 / Revised: 4 May 2022 / Accepted: 6 May 2022 / Published: 9 May 2022
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Abstract

Crop fertilization with sulfur is an important part of agricultural practices, as is the systematic increase in soil organic matter content. Materials of waste origin constitute a source of plant-available sulfur, as well as soil organic matter. The study was to verify the hypothesis assuming that combining waste sulfur pulp and its mixtures with organic materials enables simultaneous soil enrichment with readily available sulfur and organic matter. A 240-day incubation experiment was conducted, on two soils: very light and heavy; with two sulfur doses applied to each soil (20 and 40 mg S/kg d.m. for very light soil, and 30 and 60 mg S/kg d.m. for heavy soil). The sulfate sulfur content in the incubated soil material, treated with the addition of sulfur pulp and its mixtures with organic materials, increased significantly up to day 60 and then decreased. The application of these materials significantly increased the content of available sulfur and decreased the pH value of the incubated material. The effect of the introduced materials on dehydrogenase activity depended on soil granulometric composition (the impact of the applied materials on the activity of these enzymes in very light soil was small, and in heavy soil, their activity was usually limited by the presence of introduced materials). Application of the studied materials had little effect on the total organic carbon content in the incubated soil material (a significant change in the value of this parameter, in relation to the control soil, was recorded in some treatments of heavy soil).
Keywords: waste sulfur; sulfate sulfur; pH; organic matter; soil enzymatic activity; management; sustainability development waste sulfur; sulfate sulfur; pH; organic matter; soil enzymatic activity; management; sustainability development

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lisowska, A.; Filipek-Mazur, B.; Komorowska, M.; Niemiec, M.; Bar-Michalczyk, D.; Kuboń, M.; Tabor, S.; Gródek-Szostak, Z.; Szeląg-Sikora, A.; Sikora, J.; et al. Environmental and Production Aspects of Using Fertilizers Based on Waste Elemental Sulfur and Organic Materials. Materials 2022, 15, 3387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093387

AMA Style

Lisowska A, Filipek-Mazur B, Komorowska M, Niemiec M, Bar-Michalczyk D, Kuboń M, Tabor S, Gródek-Szostak Z, Szeląg-Sikora A, Sikora J, et al. Environmental and Production Aspects of Using Fertilizers Based on Waste Elemental Sulfur and Organic Materials. Materials. 2022; 15(9):3387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093387

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lisowska, Aneta, Barbara Filipek-Mazur, Monika Komorowska, Marcin Niemiec, Dominika Bar-Michalczyk, Maciej Kuboń, Sylwester Tabor, Zofia Gródek-Szostak, Anna Szeląg-Sikora, Jakub Sikora, and et al. 2022. "Environmental and Production Aspects of Using Fertilizers Based on Waste Elemental Sulfur and Organic Materials" Materials 15, no. 9: 3387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093387

APA Style

Lisowska, A., Filipek-Mazur, B., Komorowska, M., Niemiec, M., Bar-Michalczyk, D., Kuboń, M., Tabor, S., Gródek-Szostak, Z., Szeląg-Sikora, A., Sikora, J., Kocira, S., & Wasąg, Z. (2022). Environmental and Production Aspects of Using Fertilizers Based on Waste Elemental Sulfur and Organic Materials. Materials, 15(9), 3387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093387

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