Effect of Long-Term Aging on the Microstructural Evolution in a P91 Steel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Precipitation Behavior for Laves Phase, M23C6 Carbides and MX Carbonitrides at Different Aging Times
3.2. The Coarsening Behaviors of Laves Phase, M23C6 and MX
3.3. Orientation Relationships between Laves Phase and M23C6
4. Conclusions
- 1
- Laves phase, after long-term aging (>1500 h) at 625 °C, grew rapidly once precipitated. In addition, some Laves phases are formed in the regions adjacent to M23C6 particles.
- 2
- A new crystallographic orientation relationship between M23C6 carbides and Laves phase has been observed at 625 °C for 5000 h, the new orientation relationship is{0001}Laves∥{111}M23C6, <111>Laves∥ <011>M23C6.
- 3
- The coarsening behavior of the Laves phase is mainly affected by the phagocytic growth mechanism before 5000 h. The large irregular Laves phase precipitated at grain boundary or phase boundary will become an effective crack source, which will reduce rupture life of heat-resistant steel.
- 4
- The coarsening behaviors of Laves phase (more than 5000 h), M23C6 carbides and MX carbonitrides have been investigated, which confirms the existing ripening model of multicomponent alloys. The coarsening rates for the Laves phase, M23C6 and MX have values of about 32.2 (≥5000 h), 5.3 and 0.6 nm/h1/3, respectively.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Mo | V | Nb | N | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wt.% | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.5 | 0.017 | 0.003 | 9.0 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.20 | 0.06 | 0.04 | Bal. |
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Zhao, H.; Wang, Z.; Han, X.; Wang, M. Effect of Long-Term Aging on the Microstructural Evolution in a P91 Steel. Materials 2022, 15, 2847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082847
Zhao H, Wang Z, Han X, Wang M. Effect of Long-Term Aging on the Microstructural Evolution in a P91 Steel. Materials. 2022; 15(8):2847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082847
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Hongchang, Zixi Wang, Xi Han, and Mingjia Wang. 2022. "Effect of Long-Term Aging on the Microstructural Evolution in a P91 Steel" Materials 15, no. 8: 2847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082847