A Review on Roller Compaction Quality Control and Assurance Methods for Earthwork in Five Application Scenarios
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology and Classification
2.1. Research Scope
2.2. Literature Sources and Statistics
2.3. Classification of Compaction Quality Control and Assurance Methods for Earthwork
3. Conventional Compaction Method
3.1. Sampling Point Detection
3.2. Prediction and Simulation Analysis
3.3. Construction Site Supervision
3.4. Influencing Factor Analysis
4. Digital Rolling Compaction Method
4.1. Compaction Parameter Monitoring
4.2. Compaction Quality Monitoring
4.2.1. Continuous Detection Method
4.2.2. Compaction Quality Assessment
4.2.3. Compaction Quality Monitoring Systems
5. Automatic Rolling Compaction Method
6. Intelligent Control Compaction Method
6.1. Vibration Compaction Model
6.1.1. Viscoelastic Model
6.1.2. Viscoelastic Plastic Model
6.2. Prediction Model Based on AI
6.3. Compound Model
6.4. Intelligent Control Compaction Systems
7. Conclusions and Future Directions
- In terms of digital rolling compaction methods, a comprehensive CCI measurement system considering the uncertainty is needed for single-layer analysis; a simple and realistic mathematical representation of the complex compaction dynamics is also required; real-time calculation and analysis of multi-source heterogeneous data is also an important research direction; standardized application process and cost-benefit assessment in the context of the full life cycle are necessary to be established; improving the utilization level of data in the construction stage and integrating the type of method into the on-site project management architecture more reasonably is also a topic worth studying.
- As far as automatic rolling compaction methods are concerned, the biggest challenges causing slow adoption of methods have been identified as: lack of targeted specifications, unstandardized construction procedures, multi-machine collaborative rolling, adaptive path planning issues, scheduling, and management issues are the research priorities that need to be focused on the next step.
- For intelligent control compaction methods, specifications and construction procedures remain to be gradually formulated and standardized; the effective improvement of computing power and data management level is also an inevitable development trend; the real-time data transmission awaits further optimization. In addition, other directions are gradually attracting the attention of relevant researchers, such as improving visco-elastoplasticity, convergent use of new technologies (BIM, data mining, intelligent control, deep learning, et al.), design and development of expert systems, multi-agent systems and other intelligent control compaction systems, fusion application of pluralistic control thought, and intelligent control theory.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CMV | Compaction Meter Value |
RMV | Resonant Meter Value |
CCV | Compaction Control Value |
CV | Compaction Value |
CF | Crest Factor Value |
Acceleration Peak Value | |
OMV | Oscillometer Value |
AA | Acceleration Amplitude |
Turbulence Factor | |
THD | Total Harmonic Distortion |
P-wave Velocity | |
S-wave Velocity | |
VCV | Vibratory Compaction Value |
Improved Index of Ground Reaction Force Index | |
Material Stiffness | |
Geomaterial Dynamic Modulus | |
Intelligent Compaction Analyzer Modulus | |
MDP | Machine Drive Power |
Omega | Energy Transmitted to the Soil |
E | Compaction Power Per Unit Volume |
DMV | Dissipation Measured Value |
CEV | Compaction Energy Value |
SCV | Sound Compaction Value |
CSD | Contact Stress Distribution |
NCI | Normalized Compaction Indicator |
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References | Parameter Type | System | Contribution | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Material Properties | Mechanical Parameters | Construction Parameters | |||
[97] | - | √ | √ | CDS | Compaction documentation system for unbound aggregates |
[98] | - | - | √ | CIRCOM | Computer integrated road construction of compaction |
[99] | - | √ | - | MSEEF | Monitoring system for the eccentric excitation force |
[100] | - | √ | - | CIS | Monitor the three-dimensional vibration |
[101] | √ | - | √ | ACRM | Automatic control and monitoring for truck watering |
[102] | - | √ | √ | MRCM | Cyber-physical monitoring for multi-roller compaction |
[103] | - | √ | √ | CQMS | Theory and mathematical model of CQMS based on PCT |
[104] | - | - | √ | GWIMS | Georobot/WLAN-based intelligent monitoring |
[105] | - | - | √ | RCQSS | Monitoring the number of compaction times |
[106] | - | √ | √ | CCMS | Continuous compaction monitoring system based BDS |
[107] | - | - | √ | CEGPS | Monitoring field lift thickness |
[108] | - | √ | √ | CQMCS | Monitoring and control of compaction quality |
[109] | - | √ | √ | RDCQMS | GPS-based monitoring for construction quality |
Method | CCI | Application Scenarios | Related Research | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Road | Railway | Airport | Dam | Embankment | ||||
Acceleration | CMV | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [1,16,23,25,37,97,112,127,129,133,147,149,151,161,162,163,164,167,168,169,170,171,181] | |
RMV | √ | - | - | √ | √ | [112,118,162,172] | ||
CCV | √ | - | - | √ | - | [2,133,147,172] | ||
CV | √ | - | √ | - | [24,91,122,124,125,130,172] | |||
CF | - | - | - | √ | - | [131] | ||
√ | - | - | - | - | [119] | |||
OMV | √ | - | - | - | - | [138] | ||
AA | √ | - | - | - | - | [147] | ||
√ | - | √ | - | - | [166] | |||
THD | - | - | - | √ | - | [100,123,172,175] | ||
GPR | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [4,113,139,140,152,173,174] | ||
SW | P | √ | - | √ | √ | - | [117,142,155,177] | |
S | √ | - | √ | √ | - | [141,142,159,177] | ||
Surface | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | [6,120,128,143,154,156,157,158,173,174,176,178] | ||
Force | VCV | √ | √ | - | - | √ | [12,34,126,132,133] | |
- | - | - | √ | - | [125] | |||
Deformation | √ | - | √ | - | - | [30,99,126,133,161] | ||
√ | √ | √ | - | - | [111,144,145,146,161] | |||
√ | - | - | - | - | [114,135,136,137] | |||
Energy | MDP | √ | - | - | - | √ | [1,23,25,147,148,149,150,151,161,162,163,182] | |
Omega | - | - | √ | - | - | [2] | ||
E | √ | - | - | √ | - | [16,123] | ||
DMV | - | - | √ | - | - | [121] | ||
CEV | - | √ | - | - | - | [168] | ||
FBG | √ | - | - | - | - | [165] | ||
Acoustic wave | SCV | - | - | - | √ | - | [10,17,36] | |
ER | √ | - | - | √ | [116,179,180] | |||
Other | CSD | √ | - | - | √ | - | [134] | |
NCI | - | - | - | - | - | [153] |
References | Scenarios | Models | Indexes | Methods | Real-Time |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[183] | Road | SLR/MLR | Compactness/ Deflection/CMV | ||
[26] | Railway | SLR | CMV | Combination of and | |
[159] | SLR | Cone resistance | |||
[131] | Dam | SLR/SNR | CF/CMV | ||
[24] | Dam | SLR/SNR/MNR | Dry density/ Compactness | Geostatistics with CV | |
[10] | Dam | SLR/MLR/MNR | Dry density | Geostatistics with SCV | |
[9] | Dam | MNR | Compactness | Geostatistics-based | |
[184] | Dam | SVR with CFA | Compactness | Combination of i-AHP and i-GAM | √ |
[185] | Dam | SVR with CFA | SVR with CFA | ||
[186] | Dam | SBFA-CKSVR | CMV | SBFA-CKSVR | |
[187] | Dam | Cloud-fuzzy | Cloud-fuzzy | ||
[117] | Dam | SLR | |||
[91] | Dam | MLR | CV | ||
[188] | Road | SLR/MLR | Compactness | and E | |
[189] | Airport | Equivalent additional stress | √ | ||
[190] | SLR/MLR | Geostatistics with CMV or VCV | |||
[191] | Dam | CDD | CDD-based | ||
[192] | Road | SLR | CMV | ||
[122] | Dam | SLR/MLR | Compactness | CV-based | |
[123] | Dam | SLR/MLR/MNR | Dry density | Combination of E and THD | |
[193] | Dam | B-ELM | Compactness | B-ELM | √ |
[124] | Road | SLR | Compactness | Geostatistics with CV | |
[194] | Dam | Dual coupled | Dry density | Coupled with dry density and reliability | |
[37] | Dam | RBF | Relative density | ||
[195] | Dam | MNR | Compactness | √ | |
[129] | Dam | Fuzzy | CV | Fuzzy evaluation-based D-S | |
[196] | Dam | ANN | Compactness/Dry density | Based-ANN | |
[197] | Dam | KM+AC-BFA+FL | Compactness | √ |
Author | Contribution | PP | OA | CR |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sun [206] | Automatic control devices and rolling driving methods | √ | - | - |
Yao et al. [7] | HEMS, mainly including optimal path algorithm and unmanned vehicle control | √ | - | - |
Yao et al. [207] | Accurate trajectory tracking for self-driving vibratory roller | √ | - | - |
Song and Zhang [208] | A simulation model build based on the pure pursuit algorithm | √ | - | - |
Zhang et al. [209] | Optimal path planning of impact roller | √ | - | - |
Husemann et al. [210] | The evaluation of the impact of different road compaction strategie | √ | √ | √ |
Yang et al. [40] | A novel and effective path tracking control of articulated road roller | √ | - | - |
Song and Xie [211] | A composite disturbance rejection for the path-following control of rollers | √ | - | - |
Fang et al. [39] | A path following control model for an unmanned vibratory roller | √ | - | - |
Zhang et al. [17] | Unmanned rolling compaction system, including an unmanned roller, RTK-GPS system, wireless communication system, and remote monitoring center | √ | √ | √ |
Huang et al. [213] | Autonomous construction system for an unmanned vibratory roller | √ | - | - |
Chen et al. [41] | An improved technology for unmanned driving | √ | √ | - |
Shi et al. [42] | Unmanned roller group collaborative complete coverage path planning | √ | √ | √ |
Shi [43] | Unmanned rolling dam construction technology of high arch dams | √ | - | - |
Bian et al. [214] | Path following a control method based on fuzzy algorithm | √ | - | - |
Zou et al. [215] | A method of obstacle detection based on D-S evidence theory | √ | √ | - |
System | Vibration Compaction Model | Prediction Model Based on AI | Compound Model |
---|---|---|---|
AC [46] | - | √ | - |
IVRCS [47] | - | √ | - |
IRCSP [44] | √ | √ | - |
IRC [17] | √ | √ | √ |
Solution | Conventional Compaction Methods | Digital Rolling Compaction Methods | Automatic Rolling Compaction Methods | Intelligent Control Compaction Methods | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Problem | |||||
The number of compaction times is not up to standard | - | √ | √ | √ | |
Rolling omission, cross rolling, and hypervelocity | - | - | √ | √ | |
Quality detection of the entire working area | - | √ | - | √ | |
Feedback control is not accurate and timely | - | - | - | √ |
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Zhang, Q.; An, Z.; Huangfu, Z.; Li, Q. A Review on Roller Compaction Quality Control and Assurance Methods for Earthwork in Five Application Scenarios. Materials 2022, 15, 2610. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072610
Zhang Q, An Z, Huangfu Z, Li Q. A Review on Roller Compaction Quality Control and Assurance Methods for Earthwork in Five Application Scenarios. Materials. 2022; 15(7):2610. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072610
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Qinglong, Zaizhan An, Zehua Huangfu, and Qingbin Li. 2022. "A Review on Roller Compaction Quality Control and Assurance Methods for Earthwork in Five Application Scenarios" Materials 15, no. 7: 2610. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072610