Strength, Frost Resistance, and Resistance to Acid Attacks on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete for Industrial Floors and Road Pavements with Steel and Polypropylene Fibers
Abstract
:1. Introduction and Background
2. Materials and Research Methods
- -
- -
- -
- -
- Polycarboxylate superplasticizer MC-PowerFlow 3200 produced by MC-Bauchemie, Bottrop, Germany, in accordance with [38];
- -
- -
3. Research Results and Analysis
3.1. Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, and Water Adsorption
3.2. Abrasion Resistance
3.3. Frost Resistance
3.4. Resistance to Acid Attack
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Marking | Compositions, kg/m3 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cement | Crushed Stone | Sand | Steel Fiber | Polypropylene Fiber | MC-Power Flow 3200 | Water | ||
1 | Control concrete | 360 | 1110 | 780 | - | - | 3.40 | 180 |
2 | Fiber concrete with steel fiber 15 kg/m3 | 779 | 15 | - | 3.64 | |||
3 | Fiber concrete with steel fiber 20 kg/m3 | 778 | 20 | - | ||||
4 | Fiber concrete with steel fiber 25 kg/m3 | 777 | 25 | - | ||||
5 | Fiber concrete with polypropylene fiber 2.0 kg/m3 | 1105 | 770 | - | 2.0 | 4.08 | ||
6 | Fiber concrete with polypropylene fiber 2.5 kg/m3 | 1103 | 767 | - | 2.5 | |||
7 | Fiber concrete with polypropylene fiber 3.0 kg/m3 | 1102 | 763 | - | 3.0 |
No. of Mixture | Compressive Strength 7 Day, MPa | - | Compressive Strength 28 Day, MPa | - | Flexural Strength 28 Day, MPa | - | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Samples | Average | CoV | Samples | Average | CoV | Samples | Average | CoV | |
1 | 28.88 | 28.91 ± 0.33 | 1.15 | 35.63 | 35.69 ± 0.79 | 2.0 | 3.54 | 3.53 ± 0.03 | 0.75 |
28.60 | 34.93 | 3.50 | |||||||
29.26 | 36.50 | 3.55 | |||||||
2 | 30.88 | 30.99 ± 0.86 | 2.73 | 38.96 | 39.40 ± 0.47 | 1.0 | 4.49 | 4.47 ± 0.05 | 1.10 |
31.89 | 39.33 | 4.50 | |||||||
30.21 | 39.90 | 4.41 | |||||||
3 | 29.55 | 32.15 ± 0.67 | 2.10 | 42.04 | 42.02 ± 0.60 | 1.42 | 4.59 | 4.59 ± 0.04 | 0.33 |
28.97 | 42.61 | 4.61 | |||||||
30.21 | 41.42 | 4.62 | |||||||
4 | 33.35 | 33.36 ± 0.84 | 2.50 | 43.70 | 43.16 ± 0.52 | 1.21 | 4.73 | 4.75 ± 0.04 | 0.53 |
32.53 | 42.66 | 4.78 | |||||||
34.20 | 43.13 | 4.75 | |||||||
5 | 29.55 | 29.58 ± 0.62 | 2.10 | 39.43 | 38.86 ± 0.63 | 1.61 | 4.48 | 4.49 ± 0.02 | 0.46 |
28.97 | 38.19 | 4.51 | |||||||
30.21 | 38.95 | 4.47 | |||||||
6 | 31.85 | 31.47 ± 0.52 | 1.65 | 39.91 | 39.85 ± 0.68 | 1.70 | 4.58 | 4.58 ± 0.01 | 0.13 |
30.88 | 39.14 | 4.58 | |||||||
31.69 | 40.49 | 4.59 | |||||||
7 | 32.34 | 32.24 ± 0.69 | 2.13 | 41.76 | 41.84 ± 0.87 | 2.09 | 4.78 | 4.72 ± 0.08 | 1.72 |
32.87 | 42.75 | 4.76 | |||||||
31.51 | 41.01 | 4.63 |
Marking of Mixture | Compressive Strength of Control Specimens, MPa | Compressive Strength of Main Specimens after 200 Cycles of Freezing and Thawing, MPa | Average Strength Reduction, % | Frost Resistance, Cycles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Samples | Average | CoV | Samples | Average | CoV | |||
Control concrete | 39.5 | 38.80 ± 1.46 | 3.76 | 36.1 | 36.80 ± 0.67 | 1.83 | 5.3 | F150 |
38.3 | 37.7 | |||||||
39.6 | 36.2 | |||||||
40.5 | 37.5 | |||||||
36.3 | 37.0 | |||||||
38.5 | 36.5 | |||||||
Fiber concrete with steel fiber 15 kg/m3 | 40.8 | 40.20 ± 0.69 | 1.71 | 38.0 | 38.40 ± 0.46 | 1.20 | 4.7 | F200 |
40.5 | 38.2 | |||||||
40.0 | 39.1 | |||||||
39.1 | 38.9 | |||||||
39.8 | 38.2 | |||||||
40.9 | 38.1 | |||||||
Fiber concrete with steel fiber 20 kg/m3 | 44.2 | 43.40 ± 0.84 | 1.94 | 40.9 | 41.40 ± 0.48 | 1.17 | 4.8 | F200 |
44.4 | 41.8 | |||||||
43.7 | 41.5 | |||||||
42.5 | 41.2 | |||||||
42.8 | 42.0 | |||||||
42.6 | 40.8 | |||||||
Fiber concrete with steel fiber 25 kg/m3 | 43.9 | 44.70 ± 0.44 | 0.98 | 43.1 | 42.60 ± 0.48 | 1.12 | 4.9 | F200 |
44.8 | 42.7 | |||||||
44.8 | 42.4 | |||||||
44.5 | 42.8 | |||||||
44.8 | 41.8 | |||||||
45.2 | 43.0 | |||||||
Fiber concrete with polypropylene fiber 2.0 kg/m3 | 40.5 | 39.30 ± 1.23 | 3.13 | 38.3 | 37.50 ± 0.73 | 1.93 | 4.8 | F200 |
40.3 | 37.9 | |||||||
39.5 | 36.2 | |||||||
38.3 | 37.8 | |||||||
39.6 | 37.4 | |||||||
37.3 | 37.3 | |||||||
Fiber concrete with polypropylene fiber 2.5 kg/m3 | 41.6 | 41.40 ± 0.44 | 1.07 | 39.9 | 39.50 ± 0.64 | 1.61 | 4.8 | F200 |
41.2 | 39.5 | |||||||
42.0 | 38.8 | |||||||
40.8 | 38.7 | |||||||
41.7 | 40.2 | |||||||
41.1 | 40.0 | |||||||
Fiber concrete with polypropylene fiber 3.0 kg/m3 | 43.3 | 43.30 ± 0.79 | 1.82 | 40.8 | 41.40 ± 0.50 | 1.20 | 4.6 | F200 |
44.2 | 41.6 | |||||||
44.1 | 40.7 | |||||||
43.1 | 41.9 | |||||||
42.9 | 41.5 | |||||||
42.1 | 41.7 |
Marking of Mixture | Compressive Strength after Soaking in Water, MPa | Compressive Strength after Aging in an Acidic Environment, MPa | Strength Reduction, % | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Samples | Average | CoV | Samples | Average | CoV | ||
Control concrete | 45.8 | 45.4 ± 0.29 | 0.73 | 34.6 | 34.4 ± 0.23 | 0.67 | 24 |
45.6 | 34.4 | ||||||
45.0 | 34.7 | ||||||
45.0 | 34.2 | ||||||
45.5 | 34.5 | ||||||
45.2 | 34.1 | ||||||
Fiber concrete with steel fiber 15 kg/m3 | 50.0 | 49.5 ± 0.35 | 0.72 | 36.3 | 36.4 ± 0.31 | 0.86 | 26 |
49.8 | 36.5 | ||||||
49.1 | 36.6 | ||||||
49.3 | 36.9 | ||||||
49.5 | 36.1 | ||||||
49.2 | 36.1 | ||||||
Fiber concrete with steel fiber 20 kg/m3 | 53.1 | 52.6 ± 0.4 | 0.76 | 40.5 | 40.4 ± 0.36 | 0.89 | 23 |
53.0 | 40.9 | ||||||
52.1 | 40.2 | ||||||
52.5 | 40.1 | ||||||
52.4 | 40.7 | ||||||
52.3 | 40.0 | ||||||
Fiber concrete with steel fiber 25 kg/m3 | 54.3 | 53.8 ± 0.32 | 0.59 | 41.3 | 41.6 ± 0.45 | 1.09 | 23 |
54.0 | 41.6 | ||||||
53.6 | 42.3 | ||||||
53.4 | 42.0 | ||||||
53.7 | 41.1 | ||||||
53.8 | 41.4 | ||||||
Fiber concrete with polypropylene fiber 2.0 kg/m3 | 47.5 | 48.2 ± 0.55 | 1.15 | 35.9 | 36.2 ± 0.35 | 0.98 | 25 |
48.2 | 36.4 | ||||||
48.4 | 36.2 | ||||||
48.6 | 35.7 | ||||||
48.8 | 36.5 | ||||||
47.5 | 36.6 | ||||||
Fiber concrete with polypropylene fiber 2.5 kg/m3 | 49.7 | 50.1 ± 0.92 | 1.84 | 38.8 | 39.4 ± 0.41 | 1.05 | 21 |
51.1 | 39.6 | ||||||
49.9 | 39.8 | ||||||
49.1 | 39.6 | ||||||
49.5 | 38.9 | ||||||
51.4 | 39.5 | ||||||
Fiber concrete with polypropylene fiber 3.0 kg/m3 | 52.0 | 52.4 ± 0.74 | 41.7 | 42.0 ± 0.55 | 1.30 | 20 | |
52.3 | 1.42 | 41.8 | |||||
53.5 | 41.4 | ||||||
53.2 | 42.6 | ||||||
51.9 | 42.7 | ||||||
51.7 | 41.6 |
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Kos, Ž.; Kroviakov, S.; Kryzhanovskyi, V.; Hedulian, D. Strength, Frost Resistance, and Resistance to Acid Attacks on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete for Industrial Floors and Road Pavements with Steel and Polypropylene Fibers. Materials 2022, 15, 8339. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238339
Kos Ž, Kroviakov S, Kryzhanovskyi V, Hedulian D. Strength, Frost Resistance, and Resistance to Acid Attacks on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete for Industrial Floors and Road Pavements with Steel and Polypropylene Fibers. Materials. 2022; 15(23):8339. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238339
Chicago/Turabian StyleKos, Željko, Sergii Kroviakov, Vitalii Kryzhanovskyi, and Daria Hedulian. 2022. "Strength, Frost Resistance, and Resistance to Acid Attacks on Fiber-Reinforced Concrete for Industrial Floors and Road Pavements with Steel and Polypropylene Fibers" Materials 15, no. 23: 8339. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238339