Mechanical and Acoustic Properties of Alloys Used for Musical Instruments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Characterization Techniques
2.2.1. Tensile Test
2.2.2. Intrinsic Transfer Matrix
2.2.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) Analysis
2.2.4. Simulation of Modal Analysis of Triangles
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Tensile Test (TT)
3.2. Intrinsic Transfer Matrix Method (ITMM)
3.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) Analysis
3.4. Modal Analysis of Triangles
4. Conclusions
- Identification of the elastic, acoustic and morphological properties of the materials used in the construction of musical triangles;
- Convergence of the experimental results obtained by the two methods, with an error of less than 5%;
- Chemical and morphological analysis confirmed the ductile and brittle fracture pattern of the aluminum and stainless steel materials, respectively;
- According to the mechanical and acoustic test results, the aluminum-based musical triangle could be used by players for high crystalline sound, while the stainless steel musical triangle could be used when lower frequencies are required.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Material | Length (mm) | Diameter (mm) | Density (kg/m3) | The Experimental Method |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aluminum | 182.21 | 9.593 | 2708 | Tensile test |
Stainless steel | 118.50 | 7.860 | 7818 | Tensile test |
Aluminum | 40.00 | 9.593 | 2708 | Intrinsic transfer matrix |
Stainless steel | 40.00 | 7.860 | 7818 | Intrinsic transfer matrix |
Type of Material | Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) | Tensile Strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|
Aluminum | 66 | 273 |
Stainless steel | 182 | 555 |
Type of Material | Sound Propagation Velocity (m/s) | Difference % | Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) | Difference % | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ITMM | Ref. [27] | ITMM | TT | Ref. [28] | ITMM-TT | ITMM-Ref. [28] | TT-Ref. [28] | ||
Aluminum | 5089 | 5000 | 1.74 | 70 | 66.59 | 69 | 4.87 | 1.45 | 3.49 |
Stainless steel | 4889 | 5000 | 2.27 | 186 | 182.12 | 180 | 2.09 | 3.33 | 1.18 |
Type of Material | Elemental Chemical Composition | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aluminum | 0.02% C | 1.57% O | 0.96% Mg | 85.44% Al | 0.80% Ca |
Stainless steel | 0.08% C | 0.47% O | 1.31% Al | 65.66% Fe | 1.84% Ca |
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Stanciu, M.D.; Cosnita, M.; Cretu, C.N.; Teodorescu, H.D.; Trandafir, M. Mechanical and Acoustic Properties of Alloys Used for Musical Instruments. Materials 2022, 15, 5192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155192
Stanciu MD, Cosnita M, Cretu CN, Teodorescu HD, Trandafir M. Mechanical and Acoustic Properties of Alloys Used for Musical Instruments. Materials. 2022; 15(15):5192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155192
Chicago/Turabian StyleStanciu, Mariana Domnica, Mihaela Cosnita, Constantin Nicolae Cretu, Horatiu Draghicescu Teodorescu, and Mihai Trandafir. 2022. "Mechanical and Acoustic Properties of Alloys Used for Musical Instruments" Materials 15, no. 15: 5192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155192