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Volume 14
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10.3390/ma14092261
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Article

Hydrothermal Crystallization of Bismuth Oxychlorides (BiOCl) Using Different Shape Control Reagents

by
Enikő Bárdos
1,2,
Viktória A. Márta
1,
Szilvia Fodor
1,2,
Endre-Zsolt Kedves
3,4,5,
Klara Hernadi
1,6,* and
Zsolt Pap
1,2,4,*
1
Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, HU-6720 Szeged, Hungary
2
Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 103, HU-6720 Szeged, Hungary
3
Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, M. Kogălniceanu 1, RO-400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
4
Nanostructured Materials and Bio-Nano-Interfaces Center, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Treboniu Laurian 42, RO-400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
5
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Moszkvai krt. 9, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
6
Institute of Physical Metallurgy, Metal Forming and Nanotechnology, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Materials 2021, 14(9), 2261; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092261
Submission received: 3 March 2021 / Revised: 6 April 2021 / Accepted: 21 April 2021 / Published: 27 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Semiconductors' Catalytic Application)
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Abstract

Bismuth oxychloride photocatalysts were obtained using solvothermal synthesis and different additives (CTAB—cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAC—cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, PVP–polyvinylpyrrolidone, SDS–sodium dodecylsulphate, U—urea and TU—thiourea). The effect of the previously mentioned compounds was analyzed applying structural (primary crystallite size, crystal phase composition, etc.), morphological (particle geometry), optical (band gap energy) parameters, surface related properties (surface atoms’ oxidation states), and the resulted photocatalytic activity. A strong dependency was found between the surface tension of the synthesis solutions and the overall morpho-structural parameters. The main finding was that the characteristics of the semiconductors can be tuned by modifying the surface tension of the synthesis mixture. It was observed after the photocatalytic degradation, that the white semiconductor turned to grey. Furthermore, we attempted to explain the gray color of BiOCl catalysts after the photocatalytic decompositions by Raman and XPS studies.
Keywords: bismuth oxychloride; photocatalytic activity; surfactants; surface tension bismuth oxychloride; photocatalytic activity; surfactants; surface tension

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bárdos, E.; Márta, V.A.; Fodor, S.; Kedves, E.-Z.; Hernadi, K.; Pap, Z. Hydrothermal Crystallization of Bismuth Oxychlorides (BiOCl) Using Different Shape Control Reagents. Materials 2021, 14, 2261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092261

AMA Style

Bárdos E, Márta VA, Fodor S, Kedves E-Z, Hernadi K, Pap Z. Hydrothermal Crystallization of Bismuth Oxychlorides (BiOCl) Using Different Shape Control Reagents. Materials. 2021; 14(9):2261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092261

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bárdos, Enikő, Viktória A. Márta, Szilvia Fodor, Endre-Zsolt Kedves, Klara Hernadi, and Zsolt Pap. 2021. "Hydrothermal Crystallization of Bismuth Oxychlorides (BiOCl) Using Different Shape Control Reagents" Materials 14, no. 9: 2261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092261

APA Style

Bárdos, E., Márta, V. A., Fodor, S., Kedves, E.-Z., Hernadi, K., & Pap, Z. (2021). Hydrothermal Crystallization of Bismuth Oxychlorides (BiOCl) Using Different Shape Control Reagents. Materials, 14(9), 2261. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092261

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